In this paper, we study several properties of the second power $I_{\Delta}^2$
of a Stanley-Reisner ideal $I_{\Delta}$ of any dimension. As the main result,
we prove that $S/I_{\Delta}$ is Gorenstein whenever $S/I_{\Delta}^2$ is
Cohen-Macaulay over any field $K$. Moreover, we give a criterion for the second
symbolic power of $I_{\Delta}$ to satisfy $(S_2)$ and to coincide with the
ordinary power, respectively. Finally, we provide new examples of
Stanley-Reisner ideals whose second powers are Cohen-Macaulay.
Let $S = K[x_1,..., x_n]$ be a polynomial ring over a field $K$. Let $I(G)
\subseteq S$ denote the edge ideal of a graph $G$. We show that the $\ell$th
symbolic power $I(G)^{(\ell)}$ is a Cohen-Macaulay ideal (i.e.,
$S/I(G)^{(\ell)}$ is Cohen-Macaulay) for some integer $\ell \ge 3$ if and only
if $G$ is a disjoint union of finitely many complete graphs. When this is the
case, all the symbolic powers $I(G)^{(\ell)}$ are Cohen-Macaulay ideals.
Similarly, we characterize graphs $G$ for which $S/I(G)^{(\ell)}$ has (FLC).
We prove that for m > 2, the m-th symbolic power of a Stanley-Reisner ideal
is Cohen-Macaulay if and only if the simplicial complex is a matroid.
Similarly, the m-th ordinary power is Cohen-Macaulay for some m > 2 if and only
if the complex is a complete intersection. These results solve several open
questions on the Cohen-Macaulayness of ordinary and symbolic powers of
Stanley-Reisner ideals. Moreover, they have interesting consequences on the
Cohen-Macaulayness of symbolic powers of facet ideals and cover ideals.
We introduce sequentially $S_r$ modules over a commutative graded ring and
sequentially $S_r$ simplicial complexes. This generalizes two properties for
modules and simplicial complexes: being sequentially Cohen-Macaulay, and
satisfying Serre's condition $S_r$. In analogy with the sequentially
Cohen-Macaulay property, we show that a simplicial complex is sequentially
$S_r$ if and only if its pure $i$-skeleton is $S_r$ for all $i$. For $r=2$, we
provide a more relaxed characterization.
The lemma given by Schmitt and Vogel is an important tool in the study of
arithmetical rank of squarefree monomial ideals. In this paper, we give a
Schmitt-Vogel type lemma for reductions as an analogous result.
We study $h$-vectors of simplicial complexes which satisfy Serre's condition
($S_r$). We say that a simplicial complex $\Delta$ satisfies Serre's condition
($S_r$) if $\tilde H_i(\lk_\Delta(F);K)=0$ for all faces $F \in \Delta$ and for
all $i < \min \{r-1,\dim \lk_\Delta(F)\}$, where $\lk_\Delta(F)$ is the link of
$\Delta$ with respect to $F$ and where $\tilde H_i(\Delta;K)$ is the reduced
homology groups of $\Delta$ over a field $K$.
Let $I\subset S=K[x_1,...,x_n]$ be a lexsegment edge ideal or the Alexander
dual of such an ideal. In both cases it turns out that the arithmetical rank of
$I$ is equal to the projective dimension of $S/I.$
We consider a class of graphs $G$ such that the height of the edge ideal
$I(G)$ is half of the number $\sharp V(G)$ of the vertices. We give
Cohen-Macaulay criteria for such graphs.
We show that the Stanley-Reisner ideal of the one-dimensional simplicial
complex whose diagram is an $n$-gon is always a set-theoretic complete
intersection in any positive characteristic.