We prove a law of large numbers for the loss from default and use it for
approximating the distribution of the loss from default in large, potentially
heterogenous portfolios. The density of the limiting measure is shown to solve
a non-linear SPDE, and the moments of the limiting measure are shown to satisfy
an infinite system of SDEs. The solution to this system leads to %the solution
to the SPDE through an inverse moment problem, and to the distribution of the
limiting portfolio loss, which we propose as an approximation to the loss
distribution for a large portfolio.
We develop a dynamic point process model of correlated default timing in a
portfolio of firms, and analyze typical and atypical default profiles in the
limit as the size of the pool grows. In our model, a name defaults at a
stochastic intensity that is influenced by an idiosyncratic risk process, a
systematic risk process common to all names, and past defaults. We prove a law
of large numbers for the default rate in the pool, which describes the
"typical" behavior of defaults.
We consider the effect of recovery rates on a pool of credit assets. We allow
the recovery rate to depend on the defaults in a general way. Using the theory
of large deviations, we study the structure of losses in a pool consisting of a
continuum of types. We derive the corresponding rate function and show that it
has a natural interpretation as the favored way to rearrange recoveries and
losses among the different types. Numerical examples are also provided.