Although noise-based logic shows potential advantages of reduced power
dissipation and the ability of large parallel operations with low hardware and
time complexity the question still persist: is randomness really needed out of
orthogonality? In this Letter, after some general thermodynamical
considerations, we show relevant examples where we compare the computational
complexity of logic systems based on orthogonal noise and sinusoidal signals,
respectively.

A health information system (HIS) is the intersection of between healthcare's
business process, and information systems to deliver better healthcare
services. The nature of healthcare industry, which is highly influenced by
economic, social, politic, and technological factors, has changed over time.
This paper will address some important concepts of healthcare and related
terminologies to provide a holistic view for HIS. Related technological
milestones and major events are briefly summarized. The trends and rapid
development of health information technologies are also discussed.

In this paper, we propose a study of performance of the channel estimation
using LS, MMSE, LMMSE and Lr-LMMSE algorithms in OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing) system which, as known suffers from the time variation
of the channel under high mobility conditions, using block pilot insertion.

This paper proposes a method to vibration analysis in order to on-line
monitoring of milling process quality. Adapting envelope analysis to
characterize the milling tool materials is an important contribution to the
qualitative and quantitative characterization of milling capacity and a step by
modeling the three-dimensional cutting process. An experimental protocol was
designed and developed for the acquisition, processing and analyzing
three-dimensional signal.

In an e-Learning system a learner may come across multiple unknown terms,
which are generally hyperlinked, while reading a text definition or theory on
any topic. It becomes even harder when one tries to understand those unknown
terms through further such links and they again find some new terms that have
new links. As a consequence they get confused where to initiate from and what
are the prerequisites. So it is very obvious for the learner to make a choice
of what should be learnt before what.

In this paper, we have proposed a new design technique of BCD Adder using
newly constructed reversible gates are based on NMOS with pass transistor
gates, where the conventional reversible gates are based on CMOS with
transmission gates. We also compare the proposed reversible gates with the
conventional CMOS reversible gates which show that the required number of
Transistors is significantly reduced.

In present work a new XNOR gate using three transistors has been presented,
which shows power dissipation of 550.7272$\mu$W in 0.35$\mu$m technology with
supply voltage of 3.3V. Minimum level for high output of 2.05V and maximum
level for low output of 0.084V have been obtained. A single bit full adder
using eight transistors has been designed using proposed XNOR cell, which shows
power dissipation of 581.542$\mu$W. Minimum level for high output of 1.97V and
maximum level for low output of 0.24V is obtained for sum output signal.

Today, organizations are investing a lot in their IT infrastructure and
reengineering their business processes by digitizing firms. If organizational
employees will not optimum utilize its IT infrastructure, the productivity gain
reduced enormously. In Uttarakhand e-procurement system implemented by public
sector under e-governance integrated mission mode projects. So, there is need
to find the determinants which influence employee's adoption and uses of
e-procurement systems.

In this paper we explore the use of electrical biosignals measured on scalp
and corresponding to mental relaxation and concentration tasks in order to
control an object in a video game. To evaluate the requirements of such a
system in terms of sensors and signal processing we compare two designs. The
first one uses only one scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) electrode and the
power in the alpha frequency band. The second one uses sixteen scalp EEG
electrodes and machine learning methods.

The realization of Daily Artificial Dispatcher as a quantum/relativistic
computation consists of perturbative renormalization of the Electrical Power
System (EPS), generating the flowcharts of computation, verification,
validation, description and help. Perturbative renormalization of EPS energy
and time has been carried out in this paper for a day ahead via virtual
thermalization of the EPS for a day ahead.

To model printing noise a binary noisy channel and a set of controlled gates
are introduced. The channel input is an image created by a halftoning algorithm
and its output is the printed picture. Using this channel robustness to noise
between halftoning algorithms can be studied. We introduced relative entropy to
describe immunity of the algorithm to noise and tested several halftoning
algorithms.

Information and knowledge in exchange in public networks is a crucial
challenge that needs to be overcome in order to consolidate the benefits
associated with such structures. We study the impact of the nature of the
information exchanged over the possibilities of success of this process, basing
ourselves on the analysis of the information produced by the members of the
Network of National Educational Portals.

Knowledge of a machine tool axis to axis location errors allows compensation
and correcting actions to be taken to enhance its volumetric accuracy. Several
procedures exist, involving either lengthy individual test for each geometric
error or faster single tests to identify all errors at once. This study focuses
on the closed kinematic Cartesian chain method which uses a single setup test
to identify the eight link errors of a five axis machine tool.

Over the past few years, significant growth has been observed in using MEMS
based passive components in the RF microelectronics domain, especially in
transceiver components. This is due to some excellent properties of the MEMS
devices like low loss, excellent isolation etc. in the microwave frequency
domain where the on-chip passives normally tend to become leakier and degrades
the transceiver performance.

Noise-based logic, by utilizing its multidimensional logic hyperspace, has
significant potential for low-power parallel operations in beyond-Moore-chips.
However universal gates for Boolean logic thus far had to rely on either time
averaging to distinguish signals from each other or, alternatively, on squeezed
logic signals, where the logic-high was represented by a random process and the
logic-low was a zero signal. A major setback is that squeezed logic variables
are unable to work in the hyperspace, because the logic-low zero value sets the
hyperspace product vector to zero.

Risk estimation of developing breast cancer poses as the first prevention
method for early diagnosis. Furthermore, data integration from different
departments involved in the process plays a key role. In order to guarantee
patient safety, the whole process should be orchestrated and monitored
automatically. Support for the solution will be a linked data cloud, composed
by all the departments that take part in the process, combined with rule
engines.

This paper is an attempt to incorporate the idea of spiking neural P systems
as an early seed into the area of Operating System Design, regarding their
capability to solve some classical computer science problems. It is reflecting
the power of such systems to simulate well known parallel computational models,
like logic gates, arithmetic operation, and sorting. In these devices, the time
(when the neurons fire and/or spike) plays an essential role. For instance, the
result of a computation is the time between the moments when a specified neuron
spikes.

In order to group the functional requirements for support to operations by
modern information systems systematically, the NATO Code of best Practise
(COBP) for C2 Assessment defines three domain areas: Battlespace Visualization,
Decision Making, and Battle Management Functions. In addition, within an domain
overlapping information grid of the information system, necessary functions for
assessing and disseminating the information are capsulated.

This chapter asks if a virtual space-time could appear to those within it as
our space-time does to us. A processing grid network is proposed to underlie
not just matter and energy, but also space and time. The suggested "screen" for
our familiar three dimensional world is a hyper-sphere surface simulated by a
grid network. Light and matter then travel, or are transmitted, in the
"directions" of the grid architecture. The processing sequences of grid nodes
create time, as the static states of movies run together emulate events.

Reversible circuits find applications in many areas of Computer Science
including Quantum Computation. This paper examines the testability of an
important subclass of reversible logic circuits that are composed of k-wire
controlled NOT (k-CNOT with k >/- 1) gates. A reversible k-CNOT gate can be
implemented using an irreversible k-input AND gate and an EXOR gate. A
reversible k-CNOT circuit where each k-CNOT gate is realized using irreversible
k-input AND and EXOR gate, has been considered.

In this paper I briefly discuss the importance of home automation system.
Going in to the details I briefly present a real time designed and implemented
software and hardware oriented house automation research project, capable of
automating house's electricity and providing a security system to detect the
presence of unexpected behavior.

This paper describes an integrated framework for SOC test automation. This
framework is based on a new approach for Wrapper/TAM co-optimization based on
rectangle packing considering the diagonal length of the rectangles to
emphasize on both TAM widths required by a core and its corresponding testing
time .In this paper, an efficient algorithm has been proposed to construct
wrappers that reduce testing time for cores. Rectangle packing has been used to
develop an integrated scheduling algorithm that incorporates power constraints
in the test schedule.

In this research paper we address the importance of Product Data Management
(PDM) with respect to the industrial contributional point of view and its major
objectives. Moreover we also present some currently available major challenges
to the Product Data Management based communities, and targeting those
challenges we discuss an already proposed conceptual architectural based
helpful approach and briefly describe how this approach can be helpful in
solving the PDM communities faced problems.

In this research paper we are briefly presenting current major web problems
and introducing semantic web technologies with the claim of solving existing
web's problems. Furthermore we are describing Ontology as the main building
block of semantic web and focusing on its contributions to semantic web
progress and current limitations.

Product Data Management (PDM) claims of producing desktop and web based
systems to maintain the organizational data to increase the quality of products
by improving the process of development, business process flows, change
management, product structure management, project tracking and resource
planning. Moreover PDM helps in reducing the cost and effort required in
engineering.

A continuum model has been proposed to fit the data pertaining to the
directed networks in free and open-source software. While the degree
distributions of links in both the in-directed and out-directed dependency
networks follow Zipf's law for the intermediate nodes, the most richly linked
nodes, as well as the most poorly linked nodes, deviate from this trend and
exhibit finite-size effects. The finite-size parameters make a quantitative
distinction between the in-directed and out-directed networks.

Enterprise resource Planning (ERP) has become a key business driver in
today's world. Retailers are also trying to reap in the benefits of the ERP. In
most large Indian Retail Industry ERP systems have replaced nonintegrated
information systems with integrated and maintainable software. Retail ERP
solution integrates demand and supply effectively to help improve bottom line.
The implementation of ERP systems in such firms is a difficult task. So far,
ERP implementations have yielded more failures than successes.

Advances in embedded devices and wireless sensor networks have resulted in
new and inexpensive health care solutions. This paper describes the
implementation and the evaluation of a wireless body sensor system that
monitors human physiological data at home. Specifically, a waist-mounted
triaxial accelerometer unit is used to record human movements.

Millimeter wave technology being an emerging area is still very undeveloped.
A substantial research needs to be done in this area as its applications are
numerous. In the present endeavor, a rectangular patch antenna is designed on
thick substrate and simulated using SONNET software, also a novel analysis
technique is developed for circular patch antenna for millimeter wave
frequency. The antenna is designed at 39 GHz on thick substrate and has been
analyzed and simulated.The results of the theoretical analysis are in good
agreement with the simulated results.

Increasing GPS precision at low cost has always been a challenge for the
manufacturers of the GPS receivers. This paper proposes the use of a Wiener
filter for increasing precision in substitution of traditional GPS/INS fusion
systems, which require expensive inertial systems. In this paper, we first
implement and compare three GPS signal processing schemes: a Kalman filter, a
neural network and a Wiener filter and compare them in terms of precision and
the processing time. To further reduce the processing time of Wiener filter, we
propose parallel and reduced-length implementations.

Central Force Optimization is a global search and optimization algorithm that
searches a decision space be flying "probes" whose trajectories are
deterministically computed using two equations of motion. Because it is
possible for a probe to fly outside the domain of feasible solutions, a simple
errant probe retrieval method has been used previously that does not include
the directional information contained in a probe's acceleration vector. This
note investigates the effect of adding directionality to the "repositioning
factor" approach.

This paper defines the components of radio frequency identifiers (RFID). It
also explores the different areas and sectors where RFID can be beneficial. The
paper discusses the uses and advantages of RFID in deference, consumer packaged
goods (CPG), healthcare, logistics, manufacturing, and retail.

Web Based Query Management System (WBQMS) is a methodology to design and to
implement Mobile Business, in which a server is the gateway to connect
databases with clients which sends requests and receives responses in a
distributive manner. The gateway, which communicates with mobile phone via GSM
Modem, receives the coded queries from users and sends packed results back. The
software which communicates with the gateway system via SHORT MESSAGE, packs
users' requests, IDs and codes, and sends the package to the gateway; then
interprets the packed data for the users to read on a page of GUI.

This paper describes the use of fuzzy logic controller for efficiency
optimization control of a drive while keeping good dynamic response. At
steady-state light-load condition, the fuzzy controller adaptively adjusts the
excitation current with respect to the torque current to give the minimum total
copper and iron loss. The measured input power such that, for a given load
torque and speed, the drive settles down to the minimum input power, i.e.,
operates at maximum efficiency. The low-frequency pulsating torque due to
decrementation of flux is compensated in a feed forward manner.

The paper presents a current tunable multifunction filter using current
conveyor. The proposed circuit can be realized as on chip tunable low pass,
high pass, band pass and elliptical notch filter. The circuit employs two
current conveyors, one OTA, four resistors and two grounded capacitors, ideal
for integration. It has only one output terminal and the number of input
terminals may be used. Further, there is no requirement for component matching
in the circuit. The resonance frequency ({\omega}0) and bandwidth ({\omega}0
/Q) enjoy orthogonal tuning.

This paper aims to implement the six channel redundancy to achieve fault
tolerance in testing of satellites with acoustic spectrum. We mainly focus here
on achieving fault tolerance. An immediate application is the microphone data
acquisition and to do analysis at the Acoustic Test Facility (ATF) centre,
National Aerospace Laboratories. It has an 1100 cubic meter reverberation
chamber in which a maximum sound pressure level of 157 dB is generated. The six
channel Redundancy software with fault tolerant operation is devised and
developed.

This paper investigates the theoretical performance analysis for a subcarrier
multiplexed (SCM) wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical transmission
system in presence of optical beat interference (OBI) which occurs during the
photo detection process. We have presented a comparison for improving the
performance of SCM-WDM system in presence of OBI. Non-return-to zero (NRZ),
Manchester and Miller code (MC) line coding are used for performance
investigation of SCM-WDM system. A suitable signal bandwidth is selected and
200 KHz is considered as channel bandwidth.

This paper focus on the study of the motion activity descriptor for shot
boundary detection in video sequences. We interest in the validation of this
descriptor in the aim of its real time implementation with reasonable high
performances in shot boundary detection. The motion activity information is
extracted in uncompressed domain based on adaptive rood pattern search (ARPS)
algorithm. In this context, the motion activity descriptor was applied for
different video sequence.

Determination of design parameters based on electromagnetic simulations of
microwave circuits is an iterative and often time-consuming procedure. Space
mapping is a powerful technique to optimize such complex models by efficiently
substituting accurate but expensive electromagnetic models, fine models, with
fast and approximate models, coarse models. In this paper, we apply two space
mapping, an explicit space mapping as well as an implicit and response residual
space mapping, techniques to a case study application, a microstrip band-pass
filter.

In resent years ANN is widely reported for modeling in different areas of
science including electro chemistry. This includes modeling of different
technological batteries such as lead acid battery, Nickel cadmium batteries
etc. Lithium ion batteries are advance battery technology which satisfy most of
the space mission requirements. Low earth orbit (LEO)space craft batteries
undergo large number of charge discharge cycles (about 25000 cycles)compared to
other ground level or space applications.

Plagiarism of material from the Internet is a widespread and growing problem.
Several methods used to detect the plagiarism and similarity between the source
document and suspected documents such as fingerprint based on character or
n-gram. In this paper, we discussed a new method to detect the plagiarism based
on graph representation; however, Preprocessing for each document is required
such as breaking down the document into its constituent sentences. Segmentation
of each sentence into separated terms and stop word removal.

This paper presents a fuzzy queuing location model for congested system. In a
queuing system there are different criteria that are not constant such as
service rate, service rate demand, queue length, the occupancy probability of a
service center and Probability of joining the queue line.

Specifying QoS properties can limit the selection of some good web services
that the user will have considered; this is because the algorithm used strictly
ensures that there is a match between QoS properties of the consumer with that
of the available services. This is to say that, a situation may arise that some
services might not have all that the user specifies but are rated high in those
they have. With some tradeoffs specified in form of weight, these services will
be made available to the user for consideration.

A few papers have been interested by the fixed switching frequency direct
torque control fed by direct matrix converters, where we can find just the use
of direct torque controlled space vector modulated method. In this present
paper, we present an improved method used for a fixed switching frequency
direct torque control (DTC) using a direct matrix converter (DMC). This method
is characterized by a simple structure, a fixed switching frequency which
causes minimal torque ripple and a unity input power factor.

Fiber optics is one of the highest bandwidth communication channel types in
the current communication industry. The paper is to analyze a typical optical
channel and perform channel equalization using an adaptive modified DFE with
Activity Detection Guidance and Tap Decoupling algorithm. Evaluation can be
made on the employment of the DFE algorithm and with enhancements, like
Fractionally-Spaced equalization and Activity Detection Guidance, to improve
its stability, steady-state error performance and convergence rate.

In the beginning of 21st century there has been a dramatic shift in the
market dynamics of telecommunication services. The transmission from base
station to mobile or downlink transmission using M-ary Quadrature Amplitude
modulation (QAM) and Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation schemes
are considered in Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) system. We
have done the performance analysis of these modulation techniques when the
system is subjected to Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and multipath
Rayleigh fading are considered in the channel.

This paper introduces and motivates the use of hybrid robust feature
extraction technique for spoken language identification (LID) system. The
speech recognizers use a parametric form of a signal to get the most important
distinguishable features of speech signal for recognition task. In this paper
Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), Perceptual linear prediction
coefficients (PLP) along with two hybrid features are used for language
Identification.

In this paper a CMOS operational amplifier is presented which operates at 2V
power supply and 1microA input bias current at 0.8 micron technology using non
conventional mode of operation of MOS transistors and whose input is depended
on bias current. The unique behaviour of the MOS transistors in subthreshold
region not only allows a designer to work at low input bias current but also at
low voltage. While operating the device at weak inversion results low power
dissipation but dynamic range is degraded.

We propose a novel theoretical biomolecular design to implement any Boolean
circuit using the mechanism of DNA strand displacement. The design is scalable:
all species of DNA strands can in principle be mixed and prepared in a single
test tube, rather than requiring separate purification of each species, which
is a barrier to large-scale synthesis. The design is time-responsive: the
concentration of output species changes in response to the concentration of
input species, so that time-varying inputs may be continuously processed.

Digital image plays a vital role in the early detection of cancers, such as
prostate cancer, breast cancer, lungs cancer, cervical cancer. Ultrasound
imaging method is also suitable for early detection of the abnormality of
fetus. The accurate detection of region of interest in ultrasound image is
crucial. Since the result of reflection, refraction and deflection of
ultrasound waves from different types of tissues with different acoustic
impedance.

Text Document classification aims in associating one or more predefined
categories based on the likelihood suggested by the training set of labeled
documents. Many machine learning algorithms play a vital role in training the
system with predefined categories among which Na\"ive Bayes has some intriguing
facts that it is simple, easy to implement and draws better accuracy in large
datasets in spite of the na\"ive dependence.

Copyright protection and authentication of digital contents has become a
significant issue in the current digital epoch with efficient communication
mediums such as internet. Plain text is the rampantly used medium used over the
internet for information exchange and it is very crucial to verify the
authenticity of information. There are very limited techniques available for
plain text watermarking and authentication. This paper presents a novel
zero-watermarking algorithm for authentication of plain text.

This paper discusses the important process of knowledge and its management,
and differences between tacit and explicit knowledge and understanding the
culture as a key issue for the successful implementation of knowledge
management, in addition to, this paper is concerned with the four-stage model
for the evolution of information technology (IT) support for knowledge
management in law firms.

This paper presents a reconfigurable parallel data flow architecture. This
architecture uses the concepts of multi-agent paradigm in reconfigurable
hardware systems. The utilization of this new paradigm has the potential to
greatly increase the flexibility, efficiency, expandability of data flow
systems and to provide an attractive alternative to the current set of disjoint
approaches that are currently applied to this problem domain. The ability of
methodology to implement data flow type processing with different models is
presented in this paper.

Visual inspection of industrial products is used to determine the control
quality for these products. This paper deals with the problem of visual
inspection of ceramic tiles industry using Wavelet Transform. The third level
the coefficients of two dimensions Haar Discrete Wavelet Transform (HDWT) is
used in this paper to process the images and feature extraction. The proposed
algorithm consists of two main phases. The first phase is to compute the
wavelet transform for an image free of defects which known as reference image,
and the image to be inspected which known as test image.

The existing information retrieval techniques do not consider the context of
the keywords present in the user's queries. Therefore, the search engines
sometimes do not provide sufficient information to the users. New methods based
on the semantics of user keywords must be developed to search in the vast web
space without incurring loss of information. The semantic based information
retrieval techniques need to understand the meaning of the concepts in the user
queries.

This article presents the results of the research carried out on the
development of a medical diagnostic system applied to the Acute Bacterial
Meningitis, using the Case Based Reasoning methodology. The research was
focused on the implementation of the adaptation stage, from the integration of
Case Based Reasoning and Rule Based Expert Systems. In this adaptation stage we
use a higher level RBC that stores and allows reutilizing change experiences,
combined with a classic rule-based inference engine.

Mobile WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is being
touted as the most promising and potential broadband wireless technology. And
the popularity rate has been surging to newer heights as the knowledge-backed
service era unfolds steadily. Especially Mobile WiMAX is being projected as a
real and strategic boon for developing counties such as India due to its
wireless coverage acreage is phenomenally high. Mobile WiMAX has spurred
tremendous interest from operators seeking to deploy high-performance yet
cost-effective broadband wireless networks.

Geometric programming is an important class of optimization problems that
enable practitioners to model a large variety of real-world applications,
mostly in the field of engineering design. In many real life optimization
problem multi-objective programming plays a vital role in socio-economical and
industrial optimizing problems. In this paper we have discussed the basic
concepts and principle of multiple objective optimization problems and
developed geometric programming (GP) technique to solve this optimization
problem using weighted method to obtain the non-inferior solutions.

In this note, we have shown special case on Routh stability criterion, which
is not discussed, in previous literature. This idea can be useful in computer
science applications.

The property that every control system should posses is stability, which
translates into safety in real-life applications. A central tool in systems
theory for synthesizing control laws that achieve stability are control
Lyapunov functions (CLFs). Classically, a CLF enforces that the resulting
closed-loop state trajectory is contained within a cone with a fixed,
predefined shape, and which is centered at and converges to a desired
converging point.

The problem of determining a mathematical model for an unknown system by
observing its input-output data pair is generally referred to as system
identification. A behavioral model reproduces the required behavior of the
original analyzed system, such as there is a one-to-one correspondence between
the behavior of the original system and the simulated system. This paper
presents nonlinear system identification and behavioral modeling using a work
assignment.

In this paper, low-complexity distributed fusion filtering algorithm for
mixed continuous-discrete multisensory dynamic systems is proposed. To
implement the algorithm a new recursive equations for local cross-covariances
are derived. To achieve an effective fusion filtering the covariance
intersection (CI) algorithm is used. The CI algorithm is useful due to its
low-computational complexity for calculation of a big number of
cross-covariances between local estimates and matrix weights.

When the financial information is difficult to produce, interpret, compare
and analyze, we are put in the situation to face inconvenient consequences with
negative repercussions, such as: the investor can give up the investment (with
negative consequences on the risk equity market), the banks may not give loans,
an auditor may not consider the financial statements as being credible etc.
These facts allow the introduction of this paper's main objective, the
eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) which is an open standard,
independent and international for the treatments, opportunity,

Reversible logic has received great attention in the recent years due to
their ability to reduce the power dissipation which is the main requirement in
low power digital design. It has wide applications advanced computing, low
power CMOS design, Optical information processing, DNA computing, bio
information, quantum computation and nanotechnology. This paper presents an
optimized reversible BCD adder using a new reversible gate.

The $n$-step delayed sharing information structure is investigated. This
information structure comprises of $K$ controllers that share their information
with a delay of $n$ time steps. This information structure is a link between
the classical information structure, where information is shared perfectly
between the controllers, and a non-classical information structure, where there
is no "lateral" sharing of information among the controllers. Structural
results for optimal control strategies for systems with such information
structures are presented.

The explosive growth of spatial data and extensive utilization of spatial
databases emphasize the necessity for the automated discovery of spatial
knowledge. In modern times, spatial data mining has emerged as an area of
voluminous research. Forest fires are a chief environmental concern, causing
economical and ecological damage while endangering human lives across the
world. The fast or early detection of forest fires is a vital element for
controlling such phenomenon.

In this paper, design of current controller for a two quadrant DC motor drive
was proposed with the help of model order reduction technique. The calculation
of current controller gain with some approximations in the conventional design
process is replaced by proposed model order reduction method. The model order
reduction technique proposed in this paper gives the better controller gain
value for the DC motor drive.

The previous link adaptation algorithms on ofdm based systems use equal
modulation order for all sub carrier index within a block. For multimedia
transmission using ofdm as the modulation technique, unequal constellation is
used within one ofdm subcarrier block, a set of subcarriers for audio and
another set for video transmissions. A generic model has been shown for such a
transmission and link adaptation algorithm has been proposed using EESM
(Effective Exponential SNR mapping) method as basic method.

The tolerancing process links the virtual and the real worlds. From the
former, tolerances define a variational geometrical language (geometric
parameters). From the latter, there are values limiting those parameters. The
beginning of a tolerancing process is in this duality.

Tolerancing of assembly mechanisms is a major interest in the product life
cycle. One can distinguish several models with growing complexity, from
1-dimensional (1D) to 3-dimensional (3D) (including form deviations), and two
main tolerancing assumptions, the worst case and the statistical hypothesis.
This paper presents an approach to 3D statistical tolerancing using a new
acceptance criterion. Our approach is based on the 1D inertial acceptance
criterion that is extended to 3D and form acceptance.

Traditional tolerancing considers the conformity of a batch when the batch
satisfies the specifications. The characteristic is considered for itself and
not according to its incidence in the assembly. Inertial tolerancing proposes
another alternative of tolerancing in order to guarantee the final assembly
characteristic. The inertia I2 = \sqrt{\delta^2 + \sigma^2} is not toleranced
by a tolerance interval but by a scalar representing the maximum inertia that
the characteristic should not exceed.

The increase in dissipated power per unit area of electronic components sets
higher demands on the performance of the heat sink. Also if we continue at our
current rate of miniaturisation, laptops and other electronic devices can get
heated up tremendously. Hence we require a better heat dissipating system to
overcome the excess heat generating problem of using nanoelectronics, which is
expected to power the next generation of computers.

This paper is present sinusoidal frequency doublers circuit with low voltage
1.5 volt CMOS inverter. Main structure of circuit has three parts that is CMOS
inverter circuit, differential amplifier circuit, and square root circuit. This
circuit has designed to receive input voltage and give output voltage use few
MOS transistor, easy to understand, non complex of circuit, high precision, low
error and low power. The Simulation of circuit has MOS transistor functional in
active and saturation period. PSpice programmed has used to confirmation of
testing and simulation.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has recently been used
widely in wireless communication systems. OFDM is very effective in combating
intersymbol interference and can achieve high data rate in frequency selective
channel. For OFDM communication systems, the frequency offsets in mobile radio
channels distort the orthogonality between subcarriers resulting in Inter
Carrier Interference (ICI). ICI causes power leakage among subcarriers thus
degrading the system performance.

The Nuchal Translucency thickness measurement is made to identify the Down
Syndrome in screening first trimester fetus and presented in this paper. The
mean shift analysis and canny operators are utilized for segmenting the nuchal
translucency region and the exact thickness has been estimated using Blob
analysis. It is observed from the results that the fetus in the 14th week of
Gestation is expected to have a nuchal translucency thickness of 1.87 plus or
minus 0.25mm.

This work has as the principal theme, the study, analysis and implementation
of the methodology for use the web sites in e-commerce. The authors try to deal
with particular methodological and applied aspects inherent in the analysis of
data from the interaction of man-Internet (Web-mining). The research
methodology of this work will be focused on a prevalent optic multidisciplinary
research based on the pillars of data mining and Web mining. The explosion of
Internet and electronic commerce has made the most of business to have its own
website.

This paper describes the speed control of a DC series motor for an accurate
and high-speed performance. A neural network based controlling operation with
fuzzy modeling is suggested in this paper. The driver units of these machines
are designed with a Multi-level inverter operation and are controlled by a
common current control mechanism for an accurate and efficient driving
technique for DC series motor.

Web service technology has gained more important role in developing
distributed applications and systems on the Internet. Rapid growth of published
Web services makes their discovery more and more difficult. There exist many
web services which exhibit similar functional characteristics. It is imperative
to provide service consumers with facilities for selecting required web
services according to their non-functional characteristics or QoS.

This article is present the effected oxide capacitor in CMOS structure of
integrated circuit level 5 micrometer technology. It has designed and basic
structure of MOS diode. It establish with aluminum metallization layer by
sputtering method, oxide insulator layer mode from silicon dioxide, n+ and p+
semiconductor layer, it has high capacitance concentrate. From the MOS diode
structure silicon dioxide thickness 0.5 micrometer, it will get capacitance
between aluminum metal layer and p+ semiconductor at 28.62 pF, the capacitance
between aluminum metal layer and n+ semiconductor at 29.55 pF.

In this paper we consider the supervisory control problem through language
equation solving. The equation solving approach allows to deal with more
general topologies and to find a largest supervisor which can be used as a
reservoir for deriving an optimal controller. We introduce the notions of
solutions under partial controllability and partial observability, and we show
how supervisory control problems with partial controllability and partial
observability can be solved by employing equation solving methods.

We investigate the use of an extension of rule-based modelling for cellular
signalling to create a structured space of model variants. This enables the
incremental development of rule sets that start from simple mechanisms and
which, by a gradual increase in agent and rule resolution, evolve into more
detailed descriptions.

While not yet in commercial existence, quantum computers have the ability to
solve certain classes of problems that are not efficiently solvable on existing
Turing Machine based (classical) computers. For quantum computers to be of use,
methods of programming them must exist. Proposals exist for programming quantum
computers, but all of the existing ones suffer from flaws that make them
impractical in commercial software development environments.

Roughly, the Church-Turing thesis is a hypothesis that describes exactly what
can be computed by any real or feasible conceptual computing device. Generally
speaking, the computational metaphor is the idea that everything, including the
universe itself, has a computational nature. However, if the Church-Turing
thesis is not valid, then does it make sense to expect the construction of a
computer program capable of simulating the whole Universe?

This paper describe a methodology for semi-automatic classification schema
definition (a classification schema is a taxonomy of categories useful for
automatic document classification). The methodology is based on: (i) an
extensional approach useful to create a typology starting from a document base,
and (ii) an intensional approach to build the classification schema starting
from the typology.

This paper presents a new method for imaging, localizing, and tracking motion
behind walls in real-time. The method takes advantage of the motion-induced
variance of received signal strength measurements made in a wireless
peer-to-peer network. Using a multipath channel model, we show that the signal
strength on a wireless link is largely dependent on the power contained in
multipath components that travel through space containing moving objects. A
statistical model relating variance to spatial locations of movement is
presented and used as a framework for the estimation of a motion image.

Providing on-line services on the Internet will require the definition of
flexible interfaces that are capable of adapting to the user's characteristics.
This is all the more important in the context of medical applications like home
monitoring, where no two patients have the same medical profile. Still, the
problem is not limited to the capacity of defining generic interfaces, as has
been made possible by UIML, but also to define the underlying information
structures from which these may be generated.