Wide implementation of IEEE 802.11 based networks could lead to deployment of
localized wireless data communication environments with a limited number of
mobile hosts, called ad hoc networks. Implementation of a proper routing
methodology in ad hoc networks makes it efficient in terms of performance. A
wide spectrum of routing protocols has been contributed by several researchers.
Real time applications have been most popular among the applications, run by ad
hoc networks.
Vector is a physical quantity and it does not depend on any co-ordinate
system. It need to be expanded in some basis for practical calculation and its
components do depend on the chosen basis. The expansion in orthonormal basis is
mathematically simple. But in many physical situations we have to choose an
non-orthogonal basis (or oblique co-ordinate system). But the expansion of a
vector in non-orthogonal basis is not convenient to work with. With the notion
of contravariant and covariant components of a vector, we make non-orthogonal
basis to behave like orthonormal basis.