In the conviction of Lucia de Berk an important role was played by a simple
hypergeometric model, used by the expert consulted by the court, which produced
very small probabilities of occurrences of certain numbers of incidents. We
want to draw attention to the fact that, if we take into account the variation
among nurses in incidents they experience during their shifts, these
probabilities can become considerably larger. This points to the danger of
using an oversimplified discrete probability model in these circumstances.
Nonparametric estimation of the gap time distribution in a simple renewal
process may be considered a problem in survival analysis under particular
sampling frames corresponding to how the renewal process is observed. This note
describes several such situations where simple product limit estimators, though
inefficient, may still be useful.
The paper traces the development of the use of martingale methods in survival
analysis from the mid 1970's to the early 1990's.
I argue that we must distinguish between:
(0) the Three-Doors-Problem Problem [sic], which is to make sense of some
real world question of a real person.
(1) a large number of solutions to this meta-problem, i.e., many specific
Three-Doors-Problem problems, which are competing mathematizations of the
meta-problem (0).
Short rigorous solutions to three mathematizations of the famous Monty Hall
problem are given: asking for an unconditional probability, a conditional
probabiliity, or for a game theoretic strategy. It is concluded which
mathematicization ought to be considered as the Only True Solution of the True
Monty Hall Problem: the little known Game Theoretical version.