The problem of sequentially testing a simple null hypothesis versus a
discrete, composite alternative hypothesis is considered. We study sequential
tests that use weighted generalized likelihood ratio statistics and
mixture-based likelihood ratio statistics. It is shown that both tests have two
kinds of asymptotic optimality as error probabilities go to zero. First, for
any weights, they minimize asymptotically to first order the expected sample
size under every possible state of the world.
We study the behavior of mixture stopping rules in the one-sided sequential
hypothesis testing problem with a simple null hypothesis and a composite
alternative hypothesis. When the alternative hypothesis consists of a finite
set of probability measures, we show how to select a particular mixing
distribution in order to obtain a nearly minimax mixture test in the sense of
minimizing the maximal Kullback-Leibler information.
The sequential detection of an abrupt and persistent change in the dynamics
of an arbitrary continuous-path stochastic process is considered; the
optimality of the cumulative sums (CUSUM) test is established with respect to a
modified Lorden's criterion. As a corollary, sufficient conditions are obtained
for the optimality of the CUSUM test when the observed process is described by
a fractional stochastic differential equation.
The problem of decentralized parameter estimation is considered for
diffusion-type processes whose drift coefficients are linear with respect to
the unknown parameter. This problem is motivated by applications where remote
sensors observe coupled stochastic processes and transmit quantized versions of
their data to a fusion center, for the latter to take the final decision. Novel
decentralized estimation schemes are suggested, according to which the sensors
communicate at two-sided exit times of appropriate sufficient statistics.
We present a test for the problem of decentralized sequential hypothesis
testing, which is asymptotically optimum. By selecting a suitable sampling
mechanism at each sensor, communication between sensors and fusion center is
asynchronous and limited to 1-bit data. The proposed SPRT-like test turns out
to be order-2 asymptotically optimum in the case of continuous time and
continuous path signals, while in discrete time this strong asymptotic
optimality property is preserved under proper conditions. If these conditions
do not hold, then we can show optimality of order-1.