Motivated by the problem in [6], which studies the relative efficiency of
propositional proof systems, 2-edge colorings of complete bipartite graphs are
investigated. It is shown that if the edges of $G=K_{n,n}$ are colored with
black and white such that the number of black edges differs from the number of
white edges by at most 1, then there are at least $n(1-1/\sqrt{2})$
vertex-disjoint forks with centers in the same partite set of $G$. Here, a fork
is a graph formed by two adjacent edges of different colors. The bound is
sharp.
In this manuscript we develop a version of Szemer\'edi's regularity lemma
that is suitable for analyzing multicolorings of complete graphs and directed
graphs. In this, we follow the proof of Alon, Fischer, Krivelevich and M.
Szegedy [\textit{Combinatorica} \textbf{20}(4) (2000) 451--476] who prove a
similar result for graphs.
The purpose is to extend classical results on dense hereditary properties,
such as the speed of the property or edit distance, to the above-mentioned
combinatorial objects.
The editing of a combinatorial object is the alteration of some of its
elements such that the resulting object satisfies a certain fixed property. The
edit problem for graphs, when the edges are added or deleted, was first studied
independently by the authors and K\'ezdy [J. Graph Theory (2008), 58(2),
123--138] and by Alon and Stav [Random Structures Algorithms (2008), 33(1),
87--104].
For a family $\mathcal{F}$ of subsets of [n]=\{1, 2, ..., n} ordered by
inclusion, and a partially ordered set P, we say that $\mathcal{F}$ is P-free
if it does not contain a subposet isomorphic to P. Let $ex(n, P)$ be the
largest size of a P-free family of subsets of [n]. Let $Q_2$ be the poset with
distinct elements a, b, c, d, a<b, c<d; i.e., the 2-dimensional Boolean
lattice. We show that $2N -o(N) \leq ex(n, Q_2)\leq 2.283261N +o(N), $ where $N
= \binom{n}{\lfloor n/2 \rfloor}$.