We introduce T2Ku, an open source project that aims at building a semantic
wiki of mathematics featuring automated reasoning(AR) techniques. We want to
utilize AR techniques in a way that truly helps mathematical researchers solve
problems in the real world, instead of building another ambitious yet useless
system. By setting this as our objective, we exploit pragmatic design decisions
that have proven feasible in other projects, while still employs a loosely
coupled architecture to allow better inference programs to be integrated in the
future.

This paper raises concerns about the advantages of using statistical
significance tests in research assessments as has recently been suggested in
the debate about proper normalization procedures for citation indicators.
Statistical significance tests are highly controversial and numerous criticisms
have been leveled against their use. Based on examples from articles by
proponents of the use statistical significance tests in research assessments,
we address some of the numerous problems with such tests.

One is inclined to conceptualize impact in terms of citations per
publication, and thus as an average. However, citation distributions are
skewed, and the average has the disadvantage that the number of publications is
used in the denominator. Using hundred percentiles, one can integrate the
normalized citation curve and develop an indicator that can be compared across
document sets because percentile ranks are defined at the article level.

Citation distributions are so skewed that using the mean or any other central
tendency measure is ill-advised. Unlike G. Prathap's scalar measures (Energy,
Exergy, and Entropy or EEE), the Integrated Impact Indicator (I3) is based on
non-parametric statistics using the (100) percentiles of the distribution.
Observed values can be tested against expected ones; impact can be qualified at
the article level and then aggregated.

The h-index is a popular bibliometric indicator for assessing individual
scientists. We criticize the h-index from a theoretical point of view. We argue
that for the purpose of measuring the overall scientific impact of a scientist
(or some other unit of analysis) the h-index behaves in a counterintuitive way.
In certain cases, the mechanism used by the h-index to aggregate publication
and citation statistics into a single number leads to inconsistencies in the
way in which scientists are ranked.

We investigate how author name homonymy distorts clustered large-scale
co-author networks, and present a simple, effective, scalable and generalizable
algorithm to ameliorate such distortions. We evaluate the performance of the
algorithm to improve the resolution of mesoscopic network structures. To this
end, we establish the ground truth for a sample of author names that is
statistically representative of different types of nodes in the co-author
network, distinguished by their role for the connectivity of the network.

Radicchi, Fortunato, and Castellano [arXiv:0806.0974, PNAS 105(45), 17268]
claim that, apart from a scaling factor, all fields of science are
characterized by the same citation distribution. We present a large-scale
validation study of this universality-of-citation-distributions claim. Our
analysis shows that claiming citation distributions to be universal for all
fields of science is not warranted.

The paper introduces scholarly Information Retrieval (IR) as a further
dimension that should be considered in the science modeling debate. The IR use
case is seen as a validation model of the adequacy of science models in
representing and predicting structure and dynamics in science.

In this paper we present a model based on the principles of Linked Data that
can be used to describe the interrelationships of images, texts and other
resources to facilitate the interoperability of repositories of medieval
manuscripts or other culturally important handwritten documents. The model is
designed from a set of requirements derived from the real world use cases of
some of the largest digitized medieval content holders, and instantiations of
the model are intended as the input to collection-independent page turning and
scholarly presentation interfaces.

In contrast to many other scientific disciplines, computer science considers
conference publications. Conferences have the advantage of providing fast
publication of papers and of bringing researchers together to present and
discuss the paper with peers. Previous work on knowledge mapping focused on the
map of all sciences or a particular domain based on ISI published JCR (Journal
Citation Report). Although this data covers most of important journals, it
lacks computer science conference and workshop proceedings.

We discuss the "rate of averages" versus the "average of rates" in the case
of the impact factor. Synchronous as well as diachronous journal impact factors
are sensitive to adding non-cited articles (to the denominator). This is a
consequence of basic properties of elementary arithmetic. Our findings provide
a rationale for not taking uncitable publications into account in impact factor
calculations, at least if these items are truly uncitable, that is, are never
cited.

Using citation analysis, sets of documents can be compared as independent
samples; for example, in terms of average citation counts using potentially
different reference sets. From this perspective, the size of samples matters
only for the identification of significant differences and estimating margins
of error. Using the percentile rank approach, differences among citation
distributions can be studied non-parametrically and in a single scheme.
Comparison among the sets clarifies that the different sizes of samples affect
the weighing of the probabilities and therefore the rankings.

Colombian scientific journals are poorly represented in international digital
libraries; however, through Google Scholar (GS) it is possible to determine
their use by the community. Between the years of 2003 and 2007 a classification
of 185 Colombian journals indexed in the Colombian National Bibliographical
Index (IBNP) was performed using the information provided by GS, basing
categorization on size indicators, indexation and citation. The indicators were
analyzed by grouping the journals in two general areas: sciences and social
sciences.

It is popular nowadays to bring techniques from bibliometrics and
scientometrics into the world of digital libraries to analyze the collaboration
patterns and explore mechanisms which underlie community development. In this
paper we use the DBLP data to investigate the author's scientific career and
provide an in-depth exploration of some of the computer science communities. We
compare them in terms of productivity, population stability and collaboration
trends.Besides we use these features to compare the sets of topranked
conferences with their lower ranked counterparts.

The networking ability of journals reflects their academic influence among
peer journals. This paper analyzes the cited and citing environments of the
journal--Advances in Atmospheric Sciences--using methods from social network
analysis. The journal has been actively participating in the international
journal environment, but one has a tendency to cite papers published in
international journals. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences is intensely
interrelated with international peer journals in terms of similar citing
pattern.

Integration of the scientific literature into a biomedical research
infrastructure requires the processing of the literature, identification of the
contained named entities (NEs) and concepts, and to represent the content in a
standardised way. The CALBC project partners (PPs) have produced a large-scale
annotated biomedical corpus with four different semantic groups through the
harmonisation of annotations from automatic text mining solutions (Silver
Standard Corpus, SSC).

Grasping the fruits of "emerging technologies" is an objective of many
government priority programs in a knowledge-based and globalizing economy. We
use the publication records (in the Science Citation Index) of two emerging
technologies to study the mechanisms of diffusion in the case of two innovation
trajectories: small interference RNA (siRNA) and nano-crystalline solar cells
(NCSC). Methods for analyzing and visualizing geographical and cognitive
diffusion are specified as indicators of different dynamics.

We continue investigation of the effect of position in announcements of newly
received articles, a single day artifact, with citations received over the
course of ensuing years. Earlier work [arXiv:0907.4740, arXiv:0805.0307]
focused on the "visibility" effect for positions near the beginnings of
announcements, and on the "self-promotion" effect associated to authors
intentionally aiming for these positions, with both found correlated to a later
enhanced citation rate.

This paper deals with the semantic interpretation of information resources
(e.g., images, videos, 3D models). We present a case study of an approach based
on semantic and context dependent similarity applied to the industrial design.
Different application contexts are considered and modelled to browse a
repository of 3D digital objects according to different perspectives. The paper
briefly summarises the basic concepts behind the semantic similarity approach
and illustrates its application and results.

We present animations based on the aggregated journal-journal citations of
Leonardo during the period 1974-2008. Leonardo is mainly cited by journals
outside the arts domain for cultural reasons, for example, in neuropsychology
and physics. Articles in Leonardo itself cite a large number of journals, but
with a focus on the arts. Animations at this level of aggregation enable us to
show the history of the journal from a network perspective.

Algorithmic historiography was proposed by Eugene Garfield in collaboration
with Irving Sher in the 1960s, but further developed only recently into
HistCite^{TM} with Alexander Pudovkin. As in history writing, HistCite^{TM}
reconstructs by drawing intellectual lineages. In addition to cited references,
however, documents can be attributed a multitude of other variables such as
title words, keywords, journal names, author names, and even full texts.

Formal mathematics has so far not taken full advantage of ideas from
collaborative tools such as wikis and distributed version control systems
(DVCS). We argue that the field could profit from such tools, serving both
newcomers and experts alike. We describe a preliminary system for such
collaborative development based on the Git DVCS. We focus, initially, on the
Mizar system and its library of formalized mathematics.

After two decades of repository development, some conclusions may be drawn as
to which type of repository and what kind of service best supports digital
scholarly communication, and thus the production of new knowledge. Four types
of publication repository may be distinguished, namely the subject-based
repository, research repository, national repository system and institutional
repository. Two important shifts in the role of repositories may be noted. With
regard to content, a well-defined and high quality corpus is essential.

The question of citation behavior has always intrigued scientists from
various disciplines. While general citation patterns have been widely studied
in the literature we develop the notion of citation projection graphs by
investigating the citations among the publications that a given paper cites.

Two papers have been archived to which this letter is complementary: 1)
Opthof and Leydesdorff arxiv:1002.2769 2) Van Raan et al. arxiv:1003.2113 Van
Raan at all claims that the order of operations (first dividing then adding)
does not apply to citation analysis.

The article "Caveats for the journal and field normalizations in the CWTS
(`Leiden') evaluations of research performance", published by Tobias Opthof and
Loet Leydesdorff (arXiv:1002.2769) deals with a subject as important as the
application of so called field normalized indicators of citation impact in the
assessment of research performance of individual researchers and research
groups. Field normalization aims to account for differences in citation
practices across scientific-scholarly subject fields.

At this http URL, the OpenMath 2 and 3 Content Dictionaries are
accessible via a semantic wiki interface, powered by the SWiM system. We
shortly introduce the inner workings of the system, then describe how to use
it, and conclude with first experiences gained from OpenMath society members
working with the system and an outlook to further development plans.

The basic classification techniques for organizing information are thesauri,
taxonomy and faceted classification. Topic map is relatively a new entrant to
this information space. Topic map standard describes how complex relationships
between abstract concepts and real world resources can be represented using XML
syntax.

As Digital Libraries (DL) become more aligned with the web architecture,
their functional components need to be fundamentally rethought in terms of URIs
and HTTP. Annotation, a core scholarly activity enabled by many DL solutions,
exhibits a clearly unacceptable characteristic when existing models are applied
to the web: due to the representations of web resources changing over time, an
annotation made about a web resource today may no longer be relevant to the
representation that is served from that same resource tomorrow.

We present a theoretical and empirical analysis of a number of bibliometric
indicators of journal performance. We focus on three indicators in particular,
namely the Eigenfactor indicator, the audience factor, and the influence weight
indicator. Our main finding is that the last two indicators can be regarded as
a kind of special cases of the first indicator. We also find that the three
indicators can be nicely characterized in terms of two properties.

We reply to the criticism of Opthof and Leydesdorff [arXiv:1002.2769] on the
way in which our institute applies journal and field normalizations to citation
counts. We point out why we believe most of the criticism is unjustified, but
we also indicate where we think Opthof and Leydesdorff raise a valid point.

A theory of citations should not consider cited and/or citing agents as its
sole subject of study. One is able to study also the dynamics in the networks
of communications. While communicating agents (e.g., authors, laboratories,
journals) can be made comparable in terms of their publication and citation
counts, one would expect the communication networks not to be homogeneous. The
latent structures of the network indicate different codifications that span a
space of possible 'translations'. The various subdynamics can be hypothesized
from an evolutionary perspective.

Automatically extracting organization names from the affiliation sentences of
articles related to biomedicine is of great interest to the pharmaceutical
marketing industry, health care funding agencies and public health officials.
It will also be useful for other scientists in normalizing author names,
automatically creating citations, indexing articles and identifying potential
resources or collaborators.

Current science and technology has produced more and more publically
accessible scientific data. However, little is known about how the open data
trend impacts a scientific community, specifically in terms of its
collaboration behaviors. This paper aims to enhance our understanding of the
dynamics of scientific collaboration in the open data eScience environment via
a case study of co-author networks of an active and highly cited open data
project, called Sloan Digital Sky Survey.

We present a novel approach to visually locate bodies of research within the
sciences, both at each moment of time and dynamically. This article describes
how this approach fits with other efforts to locally and globally map
scientific outputs. We then show how these science overlay maps help benchmark,
explore collaborations, and track temporal changes, using examples of
universities, corporations, funding agencies, and research topics.

This paper proposes an indicator of journals' scientific prestige, the SJR
indicator, for ranking scholarly journals based on citation weighting schemes
and eigenvector centrality to be used in complex and heterogeneous citation
networks such Scopus. Its computation methodology is described and the results
after implementing the indicator over Scopus 2007 dataset are compared to an
ad-hoc Journal Impact Factor both generally and inside specific scientific
areas.

The possibilities of using the Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) for
journal mapping have not been sufficiently recognized because of the absence of
a Journal Citations Report (JCR) for this database.

The profusion of online digital images presents new challenges for image
indexing. Images have always been problematic to describe and catalogue due to
lack of inherent textual data and ambiguity of meaning. An alternative to
time-consuming professionally-applied metadata has been sought in the form of
tags, simple keywords that form a flat structure known as distributed
classification, or more popularly as a folksonomy.

When using scientific literature to model scholarly discourse, a research
specialty can be operationalized as an evolving set of related documents. Each
publication can be expected to contribute to the further development of the
specialty at the research front.

From its inception, a large part of the motivation for Cognitive Science has
been the need for an interdisciplinary journal for the study of minds and
intelligent systems. One threat to the interdisciplinarity of Cognitive
Science, both the field and journal, is that it may become, or already be, too
dominated by psychologists. In 2005, psychology was a keyword for 51% of
submissions, followed distantly by linguistics (17%), artificial intelligence
(13%), neuroscience (10%), computer science (9%), and philosophy (8%).

Recently, aggregated journal-journal citation networks were made accessible
from the perspective of each journal included in the Science Citation Index see
(this http URL). The local matrices can be used to inspect the
relevant citation environment of a journal using statistical analysis and
visualization techniques from social network analysis. The inspection gives an
answer to the question what the local impact of this and other journals in the
environment is. In this study the citation environment of Angewandte Chemie was
analysed.

Can change in citation patterns among journals be used as an indicator of
structural change in the organization of the sciences? Aggregated
journal-journal citations for 1999 are compared with similar data in the
Journal Citation Reports 1998 of the Science Citation Index. In addition to
indicating local change, probabilistic entropy measures enable us to analyze
changes in distributions at different levels of aggregation. The results of
various statistics are discussed and compared by elaborating the
journal-journal mappings.

The journal structure in the China Scientific and Technical Papers and
Citations Database (CSTPCD) is analysed from three perspectives: the database
level, the specialty level and the institutional level (i.e., university
journals versus journals issued by the Chinese Academy of Sciences). The
results are compared with those for (Chinese) journals included in the Science
Citation Index. The frequency of journal-journal citation relations in the
CSTPCD is an order of magnitude lower than in the SCI.

Purpose: to provide a view and analysis of the immediate field of journals
which surround a number of key heterodox economics journals.
Design/methodology/approach: Using citation data from the Science and Social
Science Citation Index, the individual and collective networks of a number of
journals in this field are analyzed. Findings: The size and shape of the
citation networks of journals can differ substantially, even if in a broadly
similar category.

This research analyzes a "who cites whom" matrix in terms of aggregated,
journal-journal citations to determine the location of communication studies on
the academic spectrum. Using the Journal of Communication as the seed journal,
the 2006 data in the Journal Citation Reports are used to map communication
studies. The results show that social and experimental psychology journals are
the most frequently used sources of information in this field.

In the objective of building intelligent searching systems for Elibraries or
online bookstores, we have proposed a searching system model based on a
Vietnamese language query processing component. Such document searching systems
based on this model can allow users to use Vietnamese queries that represent
content information as input, instead of entering keywords for searching in
specific fields in database.

Preserving access to file content requires preserving not just bits but also
meaningful logical structures. The ongoing development of the Data Format
Description Language (DFDL) is a completely general standard that addresses
this need. The Defuddle parser is a generic parser that can use DFDL-style
format descriptions to extract logical structures from ASCII or binary files
written in those formats. DFDL and Defuddle provide a preservation capability
that has minimal format-specific software and cleanly separates issues related
to bits, formats, and logical content.

Designing and implementing comprehensive IT-based support environments for KM
in organizations is fraught with many problems. Solving them requires intimate
knowledge about the information usage in knowledge works and the scopes of
technology intervention. In this paper, the Task-oriented Organizational
Knowledge Management or TOKM, a design theory for building integrated IT
platforms for supporting organizational KM, is proposed. TOKM brings together
two apparently mutually exclusive practices of building KM systems, the
task-based approach and the generic or universalistic approach.

The NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS), along with astronomy's journals and
data centers (a collaboration dubbed URANIA), has developed a distributed
on-line digital library which has become the dominant means by which
astronomers search, access and read their technical literature. Digital
libraries such as the NASA Astrophysics Data System permit the easy
accumulation of a new type of bibliometric measure, the number of electronic
accesses (``reads'') of individual articles. We explore various aspects of this
new measure.

I outline the involvement of the Los Alamos e-print archive (arXiv) within the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) and describe the implementation of the data provider side of the OAI protocol v1.0. I highlight the ways in which we map the existing structure of arXiv onto elements of the protocol.