Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, we show that infinitely often consecutive
non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function differ by at most 0.5155 times
the average spacing and infinitely often they differ by at least 2.69 times the
average spacing.
Let C(q,+) be the set of even, primitive Dirichlet characters (mod q). Using
the mollifier method we show that L(1/2,chi) is not zero for at least half of
the characters chi in C(q,+). Here, L(s,chi) is the Dirichlet L-function
associated to the character chi. This result was previously known to hold for a
third of the chi in C(q,+). In addition, we show that almost all the characters
chi in C(q,+) satisfy L^{(k)}(1/2,chi) is not equal to zero when k and q are
large. Here, L^{(k)}(s,chi) is the k-th derivative of L(s,chi).
Combining the mollifiers, we exhibit other choices of coefficients that
improve the results on large gaps between the zeros of the Riemann
zeta-function. Precisely, assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis (GRH), we
show that there exist infinitely many consecutive gaps greater than 3.0155
times the average spacing.
We obtain the formula for the twisted harmonic second moment of the
$L$-functions associated with primitive Hecke eigenforms of weight 2. A
consequence of our mean value theorem is reminiscent of recent results of
Conrey and Young on the reciprocity formula for the twisted second moment of
Dirichlet $L$-functions.