Vladimir Shevelev

  1. Banach matchboxes problem and a congruence for primes.

    Authors: Vladimir Shevelev
    Subjects: History and Overview
    Abstract

    Using an identity arising in the known Banach probability problem on
    matchboxes, we prove an unexpected congruence for odd prime $p:$ for $1\leq
    k\leq \frac{p-1}{2},\enskip \sum_{i=1}^{p-2k-1}2^{i-1}\binom{k-1+i}{k}\equiv
    0\pmod p.$

  2. Theorems on twin primes-dual case.

    Authors: Vladimir Shevelev
    Subjects: Number Theory
    Abstract

    We prove similar theorems on twin primes for our Sequence A167493 [5] which
    is "dual" to earlier considered Sequence A166944. Besides, we consider several
    new sequences of such type which are also connected with twin primes. Finally,
    we give a simple recursive algorithm for receiving twin primes which is
    important with the point of view analysis of the structure properties of the
    twin prime sequence.

  3. Three theorems on primes and twin primes.

    Authors: Vladimir Shevelev
    Subjects: Number Theory
    Abstract

    For earlier considered our sequence A166944 in [3] we prove three statements
    of its connection with primes and twin primes. We also pose three new
    conjectures.

  4. Generalizations of the Rowland theorem.

    Authors: Vladimir Shevelev
    Subjects: Number Theory
    Abstract

    We prove the theorems which are equivalent to the Roland's results such that
    a new form of them allows to consider some generalizations. In particular, we
    give generators of primes more than a fixed prime.

  5. A new generator of primes based on the Rowland idea.

    Authors: Vladimir Shevelev
    Subjects: Number Theory
    Abstract

    We show that the Rowland idea could be applied for more complicated sequences
    $\{a(n)\}$ defined with help gcd, for which the behavior of $a(n)/n$ is not
    clear.

  6. Very small intervals containing at least three primes.

    Authors: Vladimir Shevelev
    Subjects: Number Theory
    Abstract

    Let $p_n$ is the $n$-th prime. With help of the Cram\'{e}r-like model, we
    prove that the set of intervals of the form $(2p_n,\enskip2p_{n+1})$ containing
    at list 3 primes has a positive density with respect to the set of all
    intervals of such form.

  7. Very small intervals containing at least three primes.

    Authors: Vladimir Shevelev
    Subjects: Number Theory
    Abstract

    Let $p_n$ is the $n$-th prime. With help of the Cram\'{e}r-like model, we
    prove that the set of intervals of the form $(2p_n,\enskip2p_{n+1})$ containing
    at list 3 primes has a positive density with respect to the set of all
    intervals of such form.

  8. Gold ratio and a trigonometric identity.

    Authors: Vladimir Shevelev
    Subjects: History and Overview
    Abstract

    We give two proofs of the identity $$\sqrt{\frac{\cos\frac{2\pi}{5}}
    {\cos\frac{\pi}{5}}}+\sqrt{\frac{\cos\frac{\pi}{5}} {\cos\frac{2\pi}{5}}
    }=\sqrt{5},$$ using and not using the gold ratio.

  9. Gold ratio and a trigonometric identity.

    Authors: Vladimir Shevelev
    Subjects: History and Overview
    Abstract

    We give two proofs of the identity $$\sqrt{\frac{\cos\frac{2\pi}{5}}
    {\cos\frac{\pi}{5}}}+\sqrt{\frac{\cos\frac{\pi}{5}} {\cos\frac{2\pi}{5}}
    }=\sqrt{5},$$ using and not using the gold ratio.

  10. Three probabilities concerning prime gaps.

    Authors: Vladimir Shevelev
    Subjects: Number Theory
    Abstract

    Let p be an odd prime, such that p_n<p/2<p_{n+1}, where p_n is the n-th
    prime. We study the following question: with what probability does there exist
    a prime in the interval (p, 2p_{n+1})? After the strong definition of the
    probability with help of the Ramanujan primes and the introducing
    pseudo-Ramanujan primes, we show, that if such probability P exists, then
    P=2-\sqrt{2}=0.585786.... As a corollary, we show that if probability P exists,
    then the probability, that the interval (2p_n, 2p_{n+1}) contains a prime,
    exists as well and is 2(\sqrt{2}-1)= 0.828427...

  11. On critical small intervals containing primes.

    Authors: Vladimir Shevelev
    Subjects: Number Theory
    Abstract

    Let p be an odd prime, such that p_n<p/2<p_{n+1}, where p_n is the n-th
    prime. We study the following question: with what probability P there exists a
    prime in the interval (p, 2p_{n+1})? We show, that for p tends to the infinity,
    P>= 1/2(1-epsilon) and conjecture that P<= 1/2(1+epsilon).

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