Partitioning the vertices of a graph into two roughly equal parts while
minimizing the number of edges crossing the cut is a fundamental problem
(called Balanced Separator) that arises in many settings. For this problem, and
variants such as the Uniform Sparsest Cut problem where the goal is to minimize
the fraction of pairs on opposite sides of the cut that are connected by an
edge, there are large gaps between the known approximation algorithms and
non-approximability results. While no constant factor approximation algorithms
are known, even APX-hardness is not known either.
On a metric measure space satisfying the doubling property, we establish
several optimal characterizations of Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces,
including a pointwise characterization. Moreover, we discuss their
(non)triviality under a Poincar\'e inequality.
We study lower bounds for Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) in the strongest
setting: point sets in {0,1}^d under the Hamming distance. Recall that here H
is said to be an (r, cr, p, q)-sensitive hash family if all pairs x, y in
{0,1}^d with dist(x,y) at most r have probability at least p of collision under
a randomly chosen h in H, whereas all pairs x, y in {0,1}^d with dist(x,y) at
least cr have probability at most q of collision. Typically, one considers d
tending to infinity, with c fixed and q bounded away from 0.
Let ${\mathcal X}$ be an RD-space, which means that ${\mathcal X}$ is a space
of homogenous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss with the additional
property that a reverse doubling property holds in ${\mathcal X}$.
Let ${\mathcal X}$ be an RD-space, which means that ${\mathcal X}$ is a space
of homogenous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss with the additional
property that a reverse doubling property holds in ${\mathcal X}$.
In this paper, we establish the equivalence between the Haj{\l}asz-Sobolev
spaces or classical Triebel-Lizorkin spaces and a class of grand
Triebel-Lizorkin spaces on Euclidean spaces and also on metric spaces that are
both doubling and reverse doubling. In particular, when $p\in(n/(n+1),\fz)$, we
give a new characterization of the Haj{\l}asz-Sobolev spaces $\dot M^{1,
p}(\rn)$ via a grand Littlewood-Paley function.