We investigate large deviations for the empirical measure of the position and
momentum of a particle traveling in a box with hot walls. The particle travels
with uniform speed from left to right, until it hits the right boundary. Then
it is absorbed and re-emitted from the left boundary with a new random speed,
taken from an i.i.d. sequence. It turns out that this simple model, often used
to simulate a heat bath, displays unusually complex large deviations features,
that we explain in detail.
We consider a class of deterministic local collisional dynamics, showing how
to approximate them by means of stochastic models and then studying the
fluctuations of the current of energy. We show first that the variance of the
time-integrated current is finite and related to the conductivity by the
Green-Kubo relation. Next we show that the law of the empirical average current
satisfies a large deviations principle and compute explicitly the rate
functional in a suitable scaling limit. We observe that this functional is not
strictly convex.
We prove well-posedness of global solutions for a class of coagulation
equations which exhibit the gelation phase transition. Considering the
generating functions, we solve an associated partial differential equation
before and after the phase transition. Applications include the classical
Smoluchowski and Flory equations with multiplicative coagulation rate and the
recently introduced symmetric model with limited aggregations.
G. Edelman, O. Sporns, and G. Tononi introduced in theoretical biology the
neural complexity of a family of random variables. This functional is a special
case of intricacy, i.e., an average of the mutual information of subsystems
whose weights have good mathematical properties. Moreover, its maximum value
grows at a definite speed with the size of the system.