We give a characterization of the Lefschetz elements in Artinian Gorenstein
rings over a field of characteristic zero in terms of the higher Hessians. As
an application, we give new examples of Artinian Gorenstein rings which do not
have the strong Lefschetz property.
We give a characterization of the Lefschetz elements in Artinian Gorenstein
rings over a field of characteristic zero in terms of the higher Hessians. As
an application, we give new examples of Artinian Gorenstein rings which do not
have the strong Lefschetz property.