We determine the explicit formulas for the sum of products of homogeneous
multiple harmonic sums $\sum_{k=1}^n \prod_{j=1}^r H_k(\{1\}^{\lambda_j})$ when
$\sum_{j=1}^r \lambda_j\leq 5$. We apply these identities to the study of two
congruences modulo a power of a prime.
We give a short proof of the following known congruence: for every odd prime
$p$ $$\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}{2k\choose k}^2 16^{-k}\equiv (-1)^{{p-1\over
2}}\pmod{p^2}.$$ Moreover, we provide some new results connected with the above
congruence.
We will prove several congruences modulo a power of a prime such as $$
\sum_{0<k_1<...<k_{n}<p}\leg{p-k_{n}}{3} {(-1)^{k_{n}}\over k_1... k_{n}}\equiv
{lll} -{2^{n+1}+2\over 6^{n+1}} p B_{p-n-1}({1\over 3}) &\pmod{p^2} &{if $n$
is odd} -{2^{n+1}+4\over n6^n} B_{p-n}({1\over 3}) &\pmod{p} &{if $n$ is even}.
$$ where $n$ is a positive integer and $p$ is prime such that $p>\max(n+1,3)$.
Let p be a prime and let a be a positive integer. In this paper we determine
$\sum_{k=0}^{p^a-1}\binom{2k}{k+d}/m^k$ and
$\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}\binom{2k}{k+d}/(km^{k-1})$ modulo $p$ for all d=0,...,p^a,
where m is any integer not divisible by p. For example, we show that if
$p\not=2,5$ then
$$\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}(-1)^k\frac{\binom{2k}k}k=-5\frac{F_{p-(\frac p5)}}p (mod
p),$$ where F_n is the n-th Fibonacci number and (-) is the Jacobi symbol. We
also prove that if p>3 then $$\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}\frac{\binom{2k}k}k={8/9}
p^2B_{p-3} (mod p^3),$$ where B_n denotes the n-th Bernoulli number.
Let p be a prime and let a be a positive integer. In this paper we determine
$\sum_{k=0}^{p^a-1}\binom{2k}{k+d}/m^k$ and
$\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}\binom{2k}{k+d}/(km^{k-1})$ modulo $p$ for all d=0,...,p^a,
where m is any integer not divisible by p. For example, we show that if
$p\not=2,5$ then
$$\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}(-1)^k\frac{\binom{2k}k}k=-5\frac{F_{p-(\frac p5)}}p (mod
p),$$ where F_n is the n-th Fibonacci number and (-) is the Jacobi symbol. We
also prove that if p>3 then $$\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}\frac{\binom{2k}k}k={8/9}
p^2B_{p-3} (mod p^3),$$ where B_n denotes the n-th Bernoulli number.
In this sequel to arXiv:0905.3327, we continue to study the congruence
properties of the alternating version of multiple harmonic sums. As contrast to
the study of multiple harmonic sums where Bernoulli numbers and Bernoulli
polynomials play the key roles, in the alternating setting the Euler numbers
and the Euler polynomials are also essential.