We describe the birational correspondences, induced by the Fourier-Mukai
functor, between moduli spaces of semistable sheaves on elliptic surfaces with
sections, using the notion of P-stability in the derived category. We give
explicit conditions to determine whether these correspondences are
isomorphisms. This is indeed not true in general and we describe the cases
where the birational maps are Mukai flops. Moreover, this construction provides
examples of new compactifications of the moduli spaces of vector bundles via
sheaves with torsion and via complexes.
Conway and Sloane constructed a 4-parameter family of pairs of isospectral
lattices of rank four. They conjectured that all pairs in their family are
non-isometric, whenever the parameters are pairwise different, and verified
this for classical integral lattices of determinant up to $10^4$. In this
paper, we use our theory of lattice invariants to prove this conjecture.
Given an integral lattice $\Lambda$ of rank $n$ and a finite sequence $m_1
\leq m_2 \leq ... \leq m_k$ of natural numbers we construct a modular form
$\Theta_{m_1,m_2,...,m_k,\Lambda}$ of level $N=N(\Lambda)$. The weight of this
modular form is $nk/2+\sum_{i=1}^k m_k$. This construction generalizes the
theta series $\Theta_\Lambda$ of integral lattices, because $\Theta_\Lambda =
\Theta_{0,\Lambda}$.