Active Learning Method (ALM) is a soft computing method which is used for
modeling and controlling, based on fuzzy logic. Although it has shown that it
acts well in dynamic environments, its operators can't support it very well in
complex situations, because of losing data. So ALM could find better membership
functions, if the operators were replaced with ones that fit to what ALM wants.
This paper replaced two new operators instead of its original ones; therefore,
finding membership functions is renewed and it's found in better way.
In this paper, a novel representation for facial expressions in
two-dimensional image sequences is presented. We apply a variation of
two-dimensional heteroscedastic linear discriminant analysis (2DHLDA)
algorithm, as an efficient dimensionality reduction technique, to Gabor
representation of the input sequence. 2DHLDA is an extension of the
two-dimensional linear discriminant analysis (2DLDA) approach and removes the
equal within-class covariance. By applying 2DHLDA in two directions, we
eliminate the correlations between both image columns and image rows.
In this paper a novel method called Extended Two-Dimensional PCA (E2DPCA) is
proposed which is an extension to the original 2DPCA. We state that the
covariance matrix of 2DPCA is equivalent to the average of the main diagonal of
the covariance matrix of PCA. This implies that 2DPCA eliminates some
covariance information that can be useful for recognition. E2DPCA instead of
just using the main diagonal considers a radius of r diagonals around it and
expands the averaging so as to include the covariance information within those
diagonals. The parameter r unifies PCA and 2DPCA.
In this paper an accurate real-time sequence-based system for representation,
recognition, interpretation, and analysis of the facial action units (AUs) and
expressions is presented.
Facial Action Coding System consists of 44 action units (AUs) and more than
7000 combinations. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) classifier has been used
successfully to recognize facial action units (AUs) and expressions due to its
ability to deal with AU dynamics. However, a separate HMM is necessary for each
single AU and each AU combination. Since combinations of AU numbering in
thousands, a more efficient method will be needed. In this paper an accurate
real-time sequence-based system for representation and recognition of facial
AUs is presented.
In this paper a novel efficient method for representation of facial action
units by encoding an image sequence as a fourth-order tensor is presented. The
multilinear tensor-based extension of the biased discriminant analysis (BDA)
algorithm, called multilinear biased discriminant analysis (MBDA), is first
proposed. Then, we apply the MBDA and two-dimensional BDA (2DBDA) algorithms,
as the dimensionality reduction techniques, to Gabor representations and the
geometric features of the input image sequence respectively.