We consider sets of positive integers containing no sum of two elements in
the set and also no product of two elements. We show that the upper density of
such a set is strictly smaller than 1/2 and that this is best possible.
Further, we also find the maximal order for the density of such sets that are
also periodic modulo some positive integer.
We show that there are sets of integers with asymptotic density arbitrarily
close to 1 in which there is no solution to the equation ab=c, with a,b,c in
the set. We also consider some natural generalizations, as well as a specific
numerical example of a product-free set of integers with asymptotic density
greater than 1/2.
This paper studies integer solutions to the ABC equation A+B+C=0 in which
none of A, B, C has a large prime factor. Set H(A,B, C)= max(|A|,|B|,|C|) and
set the smoothness S(A, B, C) to be the largest prime factor of ABC. We
consider primitive solutions (gcd(A, B, C)=1) having smoothness no larger than
a fixed power p of log H. Assuming the abc Conjecture we show that there are
finitely many solutions if p<1. We discuss a conditional result, showing that
the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis (GRH) implies there are infinitely many
primitive solutions when p>8.
This paper discusses stochastic models for predicting the long-time behavior
of the trajectories of orbits of the 3x+1 problem and, for comparison, the 5x+1
problem. The stochastic models are rigorously analyzable, and yield heuristic
predictions (conjectures) for the behavior of 3x+1 orbits and 5x+1 orbits.
This paper discusses stochastic models for predicting the long-time behavior
of the trajectories of orbits of the 3x+1 problem and, for comparison, the 5x+1
problem. The stochastic models are rigorously analyzable, and yield heuristic
predictions (conjectures) for the behavior of 3x+1 orbits and 5x+1 orbits.
The 3x+1 problem concerns iteration of the map T(n) =(3n+1)/2 if n odd; n/2
if n even. The 3x +1 Conjecture asserts that for every positive integer n>1 the
forward orbit of n includes the integer 1. This paper is an annotated
bibliography of work done on the 3x+1 problem published from 2000 through 2009.
This is a sequel to an annotated bibliography on the 3x+1 problem covering
1963-1999.
At present the 3x+1 Conjecture remains unsolved.