We explicitly give factorization formulas for higher depth determinants,
which are defined via derivatives of the spectral zeta function at non-positive
integer points, of Laplacians on the n-sphere in terms of the multiple gamma
functions.
By a similar idea for constructing Milnor's gamma functions, we study
``higher depth determinants'' of the Laplacian on a compact Riemann surface of
genus greater than one. We prove that, as a generalization of the determinant
expression of the Selberg zeta function, this higher depth determinant can be
expressed as a product of multiple gamma functions and what we call a
Milnor-Selberg zeta function. Moreover, it is shown that the Milnor-Selberg
zeta function admits an analytic continuation, a functional equation and,
remarkably, has an Euler product.
We establish "higher depth" analogues of regularized determinants due to
Milnor for the zeros of Hecke L-functions. This is an extension of the result
of Deninger about the regularized determinant for the zeros of the Riemann zeta
function.
We explicitly evaluate a special type of multiple Dirichlet $L$-values at
positive integers in two different ways: One approach involves using symmetric
functions, while the other involves using a generating function of the values.
Equating these two expressions, we derive several summation formulae involving
the Bernoulli and Euler numbers. Moreover, values at non-positive integers,
called central limit values, are also studied.