Let X and Y be two nxn Hermitian matrices. In the article "Proof of a
conjectured exponential formula" (Linear and Multilinear Algebra (19) 1986,
187-197) R. C. Thompson proved that there exist two nxn unitary matrices U and
V such that $$ e^{i X}e^{i Y}=e^{i (UXU^*+VBV^*)}. $$ In this note we consider
extensions of this result to compact operators as well as to operators in an
embeddable II$_1$ factor.
For a given symmetrically normed ideal I on an infinite dimensional Hilbert
space H, we study the rectifiable distance in the classical Banach-Lie unitary
group $$ U_I={u is a unitary operator in H, u-1\in I}. $$ We prove that
one-parameter subgroups of U_I are short paths, provided the spectrum of the
exponent is bounded by $\pi$, and that any two elements of U_I can be joined
with a short path, thus obtaining a Hopf-Rinow theorem in this infinite
dimensional setting, for a wide and relevant class of (non necessarily smooth)
metrics.