In this expository paper, we provide an overview of the Gelfand-Zeiltin
integrable system on the Lie algebra of $n\times n$ complex matrices
$\fgl(n,\C)$ introduced by Kostant and Wallach in 2006. We discuss results
concerning the geometry of the set of strongly regular elements, which consists
of the points where Gelfand-Zeitlin flow is Lagrangian. We use the theory of
$K_{n}=GL(n-1,\C)\times GL(1,\C)$-orbits on the flag variety $\mathcal{B}_{n}$
of $GL(n,\C)$ to describe the strongly regular elements in the nilfiber of the
moment map of the system.
Let $G$ be a connected reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed
field ${\bf k}$ of characteristic not equal to 2, let $\B$ be the variety of
all Borel subgroups of $G$, and let $K$ be a symmetric subgroup of $G$. Fixing
a closed $K$-orbit in $\B$, we associate to every $K$-orbit on $\B$ some
subsets of the Weyl group of $G$, and we study them as invariants of the
$K$-orbits. When ${\bf k} = {\mathbb C}$, these invariants are used to
determine when an orbit of a real form of $G$ and an orbit of a Borel subgroup
of $G$ have non-empty intersection in $\B$.
We generalize a result of Kostant and Wallach concerning the algebraic
integrability of the Gelfand-Zeitlin vector fields to the full set of strongly
regular elements in $gl(n,\mathbb{C})$. We use decomposition classes to
stratify the strongly regular set by subvarieties $X_{D}$. We construct an
\'{e}tale cover $\hat{\mathfrak{g}}$ of $X_{D}$ and show that $X_{D}$ and
$\hat{\mathfrak{g}}$ are smooth and irreducible.
We generalize a result of Kostant and Wallach concerning the algebraic
integrability of the Gelfand-Zeitlin vector fields to the full set of strongly
regular elements in $gl(n,\mathbb{C})$. We use decomposition classes to
stratify the strongly regular set by subvarieties $X_{D}$. We construct an
\'{e}tale cover $\hat{\mathfrak{g}}$ of $X_{D}$ and show that $X_{D}$ and
$\hat{\mathfrak{g}}$ are smooth and irreducible.