Let F : P^N --> P^N be a dominant rational map. The dynamical degree of F is
the quantity d_F = lim (deg F^n)^(1/n). When F is defined over a number field,
we define the arithmetic degree of an algebraic point P to be a_F(P) = limsup
h(F^n(P))^(1/n) and the canonical height of P to be h_F(P) = limsup
h(F^n(P))/n^k d_F^n for an appropriately chosen integer k = k_F. In this
article we prove some elementary relations and make some deep conjectures
relating d_F, a_F(P), and h_F(P). We prove our conjectures for semisimple
monomial maps.
Let D = (D_n)_{n\ge1} be an elliptic divisibility sequence. We study the set
S(D) of indices n satisfying n | D_n. In particular, given an index n in S(D),
we explain how to construct elements nd in S(D), where d is either a prime
divisor of D_n, or d is the product of the primes in an aliquot cycle for D. We
also give bounds for the exceptional indices that are not constructed in this
way.
An amicable pair for an elliptic curve E/Q is a pair of primes (p,q) of good
reduction for E satisfying #E(F_p) = q and #E(F_q) = p. In this paper we study
elliptic amicable pairs and analogously defined longer elliptic aliquot cycles.
We show that there exist elliptic curves with arbitrarily long aliqout cycles,
but that CM elliptic curves (with j not 0) have no aliqout cycles of length
greater than two. We give conjectural formulas for the frequency of amicable
pairs.
Let f(z) be a rational function of degree at least 2 with coefficients in a
number field K, and assume that the second iterate f^2(z) of f(z) is not a
polynomial. The second author previously proved that for any b in K, the
forward orbit O_f(b) contains only finitely many quasi-S-integral points. In
this note we give an explicit upper bound for the number of such points.
It is known that Szpiro's conjecture, or equivalently the ABC-conjecture,
implies Lang's conjecture giving a uniform lower bound for the canonical height
of nontorsion points on elliptic curves. In this note we show that a
significantly weaker version of Szpiro's conjecture, which we call
"prime-depleted," suffices to prove Lang's conjecture.
Let F : W --> V be a dominant rational map between quasi-projective varieties
of the same dimension. We give two proofs that h_V(F(P)) >> h_W(P) for all
points P in a nonempty Zariski open subset of W. For dominant rational maps F :
P^n --> P^n, we give a uniform estimate in which the implied constant depends
only on n and the degree of F. As an application, we prove a specialization
theorem for equidimensional dominant rational maps to semiabelian varieties,
providing a complement to Habegger's recent theorem on unlikely intersections.
Let F : W --> V be a dominant rational map between quasi-projective varieties
of the same dimension. We give two proofs that h_V(F(P)) >> h_W(P) for all
points P in a nonempty Zariski open subset of W. For dominant rational maps F :
P^n --> P^n, we give a uniform estimate in which the implied constant depends
only on n and the degree of F. As an application, we prove a specialization
theorem for equidimensional dominant rational maps to semiabelian varieties,
providing a complement to Habegger's recent theorem on unlikely intersections.