We prove a sharp Ore-type criterion for hamiltonicity of balanced bipartite
digraphs: A bipartite digraph D, with colour classes of cardinality N, is
hamiltonian if, for every pair of vertices u and v from opposite colour classes
of D such that the arc u->v is not in D, the sum of the positive half-degree of
u and the negative half-degree of v is greater than or equal to N+2.
Given a real analytic set X in a complex manifold and a positive integer d,
denote by A(d) the set of points p in X at which there exists a germ of a
complex analytic set of dimension d contained in X. It is proved that A(d) is a
closed semianalytic subset of X.
Our aim is to understand the algebraic notion of flatness in explicit
geometric terms. Let Y be a scheme of finite type over a perfect field, and let
f:X->Y denote a morphism of schemes that is locally of finite type. We show
that, if Y is regular, then nonflatness of f is equivalent to a severe
discontinuity of the fibres - the existence of an associated component (perhaps
embedded) at a point of the source whose image is nowhere dense in Y - after
passage to the n'th fibred-power of f, where n = dim Y.
We prove that, if F is a coherent sheaf of modules over the source of a
morphism f:X->Y of complex-analytic spaces, where Y is smooth, then the stalk
of F at a point x in X is flat over R, the local ring of the target at f(x) if
and only if the n-fold analytic tensor power of this stalk over R (where n =
dim R) has no vertical elements. The result implies that if F is a finite
module over a morphism f:X->Y of complex algebraic varieties, where Y is smooth
and n=dim Y, then the stalk of F at x is R-flat if and only if its n-fold
tensor power is a torsionfree R-module.