We prove that toric cubes, which are images of $[0,1]^d$ under monomial maps,
are the closures of graphs of monotone maps, and in particular
semi-algebraically homeomorphic to closed balls.
Let $\R$ be a real closed field and $\D \subset \R$ an ordered domain. We
give an algorithm that takes as input a polynomial $Q \subset \D[X_1,...,X_k]$,
and computes a description of a roadmap of the set of zeros, $\ZZ(Q,\R^k)$, of
$Q$ in $\R^k$. The complexity of the algorithm, measured by the number of
arithmetic operations in the domain $\D$, is bounded by $d^{O(k \sqrt{k})}$,
where $d = deg(Q)\ge 2$.
Toda proved in 1989 that the (discrete) polynomial time hierarchy,
$\mathbf{PH}$, is contained in the class $\mathbf{P}^{#\mathbf{P}}$, namely the
class of languages that can be decided by a Turing machine in polynomial time
given access to an oracle with the power to compute a function in the counting
complexity class $#\mathbf{P}$. This result which illustrates the power of
counting is considered to be a seminal result in computational complexity
theory.
We prove explicit bounds on the radius of a ball centered at the origin which
is guaranteed to contain all bounded connected components of a semi-algebraic
set $S \subset \mathbbm{R}^k$ defined by a quantifier-free formula involving
$s$ polynomials in $\mathbbm{Z}[X_1, ..., X_k]$ having degrees at most $d$, and
whose coefficients have bitsizes at most $\tau$. Our bound is an explicit
function of $s, d, k$ and $\tau$, and does not contain any undetermined
constants.