The Proper Forcing Axiom implies all automorphisms of every Calkin algebra
associated with an infinite-dimensional complex Hilbert space and the ideal of
compact operators are inner. As a means of the proof we introduce the notion of
Polish $\omega_1$-trees and cohrerent families of Polish spaces and prove some
uniformization results.
We present a self-contained account of Woodin's extender algebra and its use
in proving absoluteness results, including a proof of the
$\Sigma^2_1$-absoluteness theorem.
We introduce a version of logic for metric structures suitable for
applications to C*-algebras and tracial von Neumann algebras. We also prove a
purely model-theoretic result to the effect that the theory of a metric
structure is stable if and only if all of its ultrapowers associated with
nonprincipal ultrafilters on N are isomorphic even when the Continuum
Hypothesis fails.
We prove a strong dichotomy for the number of ultrapowers of a given
countable model associated with nonprincipal ultrafilters on N. They are either
all isomorphic, or else there are $2^{2^{\aleph_0}}$ many nonisomorphic
ultrapowers. We prove the analogous result for metric structures, including
C*-algebras and II$_1$ factors, as well as their relative commutants and
include several applications. We also show that the C*-algebra B(H) always has
nonisomorphic relative commutants in its ultrapowers associated with
nonprincipal ultrafilters on N.
I introduce yet another way to associate a C*-algebra to a graph and
construct a simple nuclear C*-algebra that has irreducible representations both
on a separable and a nonseparable Hilbert space.
Several authors have considered whether the ultrapower and the relative
commutant of a C*-algebra or II_1 factor depend on the choice of the
ultrafilter. We show that the negative answer to each of these questions is
equivalent to the Continuum Hypothesis, extending results of Ge-Hadwin and the
first author.