We tackle the classical two-sample spherical location problem for directional
data by having recourse to the Le Cam methodology, habitually used in classical
"linear" multivariate analysis. More precisely we construct locally and
asymptotically optimal (in the maximin sense) parametric tests, which we then
turn into semi-parametric ones in two distinct ways. First, by using a
studentization argument; this leads to so-called pseudo-FvML tests. Second, by
resorting to the invariance principle; this leads to efficient rank-based
tests.
We provide an upper bound (together with the conditions under which this
bound holds) on the asymptotic relative efficiency of the Wilcoxon rank-based
test with respect to the van der Waerden rank-based test. Furthermore, we
characterize the family of distributions under which the upper bound is
achieved.
We generalize the so-called density approach to Stein characterizations of
probability distributions. We prove an elementary factorization property of the
resulting Stein operator in terms of a generalized (standardized) score
function. We use this result to connect Stein characterizations with
information distances such as the generalized (standardized) Fisher
information.
In this paper, we provide R-estimators of the location of a rotationally
symmetric distribution on the unit sphere of $R^k$. In order to do so we ?first
prove the local asymptotic normality property of a sequence of rotationally
symmetric models; this is a non standard result due to the curved nature of the
unit sphere. We then construct our estimators by adapting the Le Cam one-step
methodology to spherical statistics and ranks. We show that they are
asymptotically normal under any rotationally symmetric distribution and achieve
the efficiency bound under a specific density.
We provide a general framework for characterizing families of (univariate,
multivariate, discrete and continuous) distributions in terms of a parameter of
interest. We show how this allows for recovering known Chen-Stein
characterizations, and for constructing many more. Several examples are worked
out in full, and different potential applications are discussed.