We give some applications of the Chern Simons gauge theory to the study of
the set ${\rm vol}(N,G)$ of volumes of all representations $\rho\co\pi_1N\to
G$, where $N$ is a closed oriented three-manifold and $G$ is either ${\rm
Iso}_e\t{\rm SL_2(\R)}$, the isometry group of the Seifert geometry, or ${\rm
Iso}_+{\Hi}^3$, the orientation preserving isometry group of the hyperbolic
3-space. We focus on three natural questions:
(1) How to find non-zero values in ${\rm vol}(N, G)$? or weakly how to find
non-zero elements in ${\rm vol}(\t N, G)$ for some finite cover $\t N$ of $N$?
This paper initiates a systematic study of the relation of commensurability
of surface automorphisms, or equivalently, fibered commensurability of
3-manifolds fibering over the circle. We show that every hyperbolic fibered
commensurability class contains a unique minimal element, whereas the class of
Seifert manifolds fibering over the circle consists of a single
commensurability class with infinitely many minimal elements. The situation for
non-geometric manifolds is more complicated, and we illustrate a range of
phenomena that can occur in this context.
Let $\imath: M^p\to \RR^{p+2}$ be a codimension-2 smooth embedding from
closed orientable manifold to the Euclidean space, then there is a spin
structure $\imath^#(\varsigma^{p+2})$ on $M$ canonically induced from the
embedding. If an orientation-preserving self-diffeomorphism $\tau$ of $M$
extends over $\imath$ as an orientation-preserving self-homeomorphism of
$\RR^{p+2}$, then $\tau$ preserves the induced spin structure.
If there exists a diffeomorphism $f$ on a closed, orientable $n$-manifold $M$
such that the non-wandering set $\Omega(f)$ consists of finitely many
orientable $(\pm)$ attractors derived from expanding maps, then $M$ must be a
rational homology sphere; moreover all those attractors are of topological
dimension $n-2$.
Expanding maps are expanding on (co)homologies.
We show that for any expanding map $\phi: T^p\to T^p$, there is an
orientation-preserving self-diffeomorphism of $\RR^{p+2}$ realizing a
hyperbolic attractor derived from $\phi$. The construction is based on a result
in differential topology that for the standard unknotted embedding
$\imath_p:T^p\to\RR^{p+2}$, the subgroup $E_{\imath_p}$ of
$\Aut(T^p)\cong\SL(p,\ZZ)$ which consists of automorphisms that extend over
$\RR^{p+2}$ as orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms, has index at most
$2^p-1$.