During the last decade Levy processes with jumps have received increasing
popularity for modelling market behaviour for both derviative pricing and risk
management purposes. Chan et al. (2009) introduced the use of empirical
likelihood methods to estimate the parameters of various diffusion processes
via their characteristic functions which are readily avaiable in most cases.
Return series from the market are used for estimation.
Covariate adjustment is an important tool in the analysis of randomized
clinical trials and observational studies. It can be used to increase
efficiency and thus power, and to reduce possible bias. While most statistical
tests in randomized clinical trials are nonparametric in nature, approaches for
covariate adjustment typically rely on specific regression models, such as the
linear model for a continuous outcome, the logistic regression model for a
dichotomous outcome and the Cox model for survival time. Several recent efforts
have focused on model-free covariate adjustment.
We present a method to stop the evaluation of a decision making process when
the result of the full evaluation is obvious. This trait is highly desirable
for online margin-based machine learning algorithms where a classifier
traditionally evaluates all the features for every example. We observe that
some examples are easier to classify than others, a phenomenon which is
characterized by the event when most of the features agree on the class of an
example.
Cognitive assessment is a growing area in psychological and educational
measurement, where tests are given to assess mastery/deficiency of attributes
or skills. A key issue is the correct identification of attributes associated
with items in a test. In this paper, we set up a mathematical framework under
which theoretical properties may be discussed. We establish sufficient
conditions to ensure that the attributes required by each item are learnable
from the data.