An $\omega$-tree-automatic structure is a relational structure whose domain
and relations are accepted by Muller or Rabin tree automata. We investigate in
this paper the isomorphism problem for $\omega$-tree-automatic structures. We
prove first that the isomorphism relation for $\omega$-tree-automatic boolean
algebras (respectively, partial orders, rings, commutative rings, non
commutative rings, non commutative groups, nilpotent groups of class n >1) is
not determined by the axiomatic system ZFC.
We prove in this paper that there exists some infinitary rational relations
which are Sigma^0_3-complete Borel sets and some others which are
Pi^0_3-complete. This implies that there exists some infinitary rational
relations which are Delta^0_4-sets but not (Sigma^0_3U Pi^0_3)-sets. These
results give additional answers to questions of Simonnet and of Lescow and
Thomas.
The extension of the Wagner hierarchy to blind counter automata accepting
infinite words with a Muller acceptance condition is effective. We determine
precisely this hierarchy.
This paper is a continuation of the study of topological properties of omega
context free languages (omega-CFL). We proved before that the class of
omega-CFL exhausts the hierarchy of Borel sets of finite rank, and that there
exist some omega-CFL which are analytic but non Borel sets. We prove here that
there exist some omega context free languages which are Borel sets of infinite
(but not finite) rank, giving additional answer to questions of Lescow and
Thomas [Logical Specifications of Infinite Computations, In:"A Decade of
Concurrency", Springer LNCS 803 (1994), 583-621].
A dictionary is a set of finite words over some finite alphabet X. The
omega-power of a dictionary V is the set of infinite words obtained by infinite
concatenation of words in V. Lecomte studied in [Omega-powers and descriptive
set theory, JSL 2005] the complexity of the set of dictionaries whose
associated omega-powers have a given complexity.
We prove the following surprising result: there exist a 1-counter B\"uchi
automaton A and a 2-tape B\"uchi automaton B such that : (1) There is a model
$V_1$ of ZFC in which the omega-language $L(A)$ and the infinitary rational
relation $L(B)$ are ${\bf \Pi}_2^0$-sets, and (2) There is a model $V_2$ of ZFC
in which the omega-language $L(A)$ and the infinitary rational relation $L(B)$
are analytic but non Borel sets.
We answer two questions posed by Castro and Cucker, giving the exact
complexities of two decision problems about cardinalities of omega-languages of
Turing machines. Firstly, it is $D_2(\Sigma_1^1)$-complete to determine whether
the omega-language of a given Turing machine is countably infinite, where
$D_2(\Sigma_1^1)$ is the class of 2-differences of $\Sigma_1^1$-sets. Secondly,
it is $\Sigma_1^1$-complete to determine whether the omega-language of a given
Turing machine is uncountable.
We investigate the topological complexity of non Borel recognizable tree
languages with regard to the difference hierarchy of analytic sets. We show
that, for each integer $n \geq 1$, there is a $D_{\omega^n}({\bf
\Sigma}^1_1)$-complete tree language L_n accepted by a (non deterministic)
Muller tree automaton. On the other hand, we prove that a tree language
accepted by an unambiguous B\"uchi tree automaton must be Borel. Then we
consider the game tree languages $W_{(i,k)}$, for Mostowski-Rabin indices $(i,
k)$.
We investigate the topological complexity of non Borel recognizable tree
languages with regard to the difference hierarchy of analytic sets. We show
that, for each integer $n \geq 1$, there is a $D_{\omega^n}({\bf
\Sigma}^1_1)$-complete tree language L_n accepted by a (non deterministic)
Muller tree automaton. On the other hand, we prove that a tree language
accepted by an unambiguous B\"uchi tree automaton must be Borel. Then we
consider the game tree languages $W_{(i,k)}$, for Mostowski-Rabin indices $(i,
k)$.