This note is purely expository. We show how in the course of the
Kolmogorov-Arnold solution of Hilbert's 13-th problem on superpositions there
appeared the notion of a basic embedding. A subset K of R^2 is {\it basic} if
for each continuous function f:K->R there exist continuous functions g,h:R->R
such that f(x,y) = g(x) + h(y) for each point (x,y) in K. We present
descriptions of basic subsets of the plane and graphs basically embeddable into
the plane (solutions of Arnold's and Sternfeld's problems).
This note is purely expositional. The statement of the Gauss theorem on the
constructibility of regular polygons by means of compass and ruler is simple
and well-known. However, its proofs given in textbooks available to the author
rely upon much notation. In this note a short elementary proof of the Gauss
theorem is presented. The note is accessible for students familiar with
polynomials and complex numbers, and could be an interesting easy reading for
mature mathematicians.