Possibly the most famous algorithmic meta-theorem is Courcelle's theorem,
which states that all MSO-expressible graph properties are decidable in linear
time for graphs of bounded treewidth. Unfortunately, the running time's
dependence on the MSO formula describing the problem is in general an
exponential tower of unbounded height, and there exist lower bounds proving
that this cannot be improved.
We study the well-known Vertex Cover problem parameterized above and below
tight bounds. We show that two of the parameterizations (both were suggested by
Mahajan, Raman and Sikdar, J. Computer and System Sciences, 75(2):137--153,
2009) are fixed-parameter tractable and two other parameterizations are
W[1]-hard (one of them is, in fact, W[2]-hard).