Over the past couple of years, the extent of the services provided on the
mobile devices has increased rapidly. A special class of service among them is
the Location Based Service(LBS) which depends on the geographical position of
the user to provide services to the end users. However, a mobile device is
still resource constrained, and some applications usually demand more resources
than a mobile device can a ord. To alleviate this, a mobile device should get
resources from an external source. One of such sources is cloud computing
platforms.

In this paper, we research the potential of information communication
technologies (ICTs) for changing our society from a commute-centric to a
network-centric environment. We propose to formalize the key attributes of
ICT-based telecommuting experiences from both economic and human interactivity
perspective. We introduce the notion of network-eligible transactions and
disclose the link between degree of network centricity and worker settlement
radius, postulating that media-rich network services have a strong potential to
increase the physical distance between work and home locations.

We introduce a new threshold model of social networks, in which the nodes
influenced by their neighbours can adopt one out of several alternatives. We
identify a class of graphs that allow us to characterize social networks for
which adoption of a product by the whole network is possible (respectively
necessary) and the ones for which a unique outcome is guaranteed. We also
provide a simple polynomial time algorithm that allows us to determine whether
a graph belongs to this class.

The sole goal of E-Governance is to allow interaction of government with
their citizens in a comfortable & transparent manner. Uniqueness of J2EE makes
it a perfect technology for development of any online portal. These involve
constancy, easy to replant, construct speedily etc. In this paper we present a
procedural approach to develop a web application using the J2EE Struts
Framework.

USA Government wiretapping activities is a very controversial issue.
Undoubtedly this technology can assist law enforced authority to detect /
identify unlawful or hostile activities; however, this task raises severe
privacy concerns. In this paper, we have discussed this complex information
technology issue of governmental wiretapping and how it effects both public and
private liberties. Legislation has had a major impact on the uses and the
stigma of wiretapping for the war on terrorism.

Popularity of content in social media is unequally distributed, with some
items receiving a disproportionate share of attention from users. Predicting
which newly-submitted items will become popular is critically important for
both hosts of social media content and its consumers. Accurate and timely
prediction would enable hosts to maximize revenue through differential pricing
for access to content or ad placement. Prediction would also give consumers an
important tool for filtering the ever-growing amount of content.

Development of efficient business process models and determination of their
characteristic properties are subject of intense interdisciplinary research.
Here, we consider a business process model as a directed graph. Its nodes
correspond to the units identified by the modeler and the link direction
indicates the causal dependencies between units. It is of primary interest to
obtain the stationary flow on such a directed graph, which corresponds to the
steady-state of a firm during the business process.

When foraging for information, users face a tradeoff between the accuracy and
value of the acquired information and the time spent collecting it, a problem
which also surfaces when seeking answers to a question posed to a large
community. We empirically study how people behave when facing these conflicting
objectives using data from Yahoo Answers, a community driven
question-and-answer site.

Corporate responses to illness is currently an ad-hoc, subjective process
that has little basis in data on how disease actually spreads at the workplace.
Additionally, many studies have shown that productivity is not an individual
factor but a social one: in any study on epidemic responses this social factor
has to be taken into account. The barrier to addressing this problem has been
the lack of data on the interaction and mobility patterns of people in the
workplace.

Analysis of an unusually detailed telephone call data set --- a month of
nearly all mobile and landline phone calls placed during August 2005 the United
Kingdom --- allows us to identify several different types of social networks
that are formed, and relate them to different activities that generate them. We
distinguish, among others, work-related and personal or leisure-focused
activities and show that the networks they form have very different
characteristics.

Web 2.0 is transforming the internet: Information consumers become
information producers and consumers at the same time. In virtual places like
Facebook, Youtube, discussion boards and weblogs diversificated topics, groups
and issues are propagated and discussed. Today an internet user is a member of
lots of communities at different virtual places. "Real life" group membership
and group behavior has been analyzed in science intensively in the last
decades. Most interestingly, to our knowledge, user roles and behavior have not
been adapted to the modern internet.

In today’s world designing adaptable course material requires new technical
knowledge which involves a need for a uniform protocol that allows organizing
resources with emphasis on quality and Learning. This can be achieved by
bundling the resources in a known and prescribed fashion called Learning
objects. Learning Objects are composed of two aspects namely “Learning “ and
“Object”. The Learning aspect of Learning objects refers to Education.

Software Development is a core second-year course currently offered to
undergraduate students at Victoria University at its five local and
international campuses. The project aims to redesign the existing course
curriculum to support student-centred teaching and learning. It is intended to
provide a learning context in which learners can reflect on new material,
discuss their tentative understandings with others, actively search for new
information, develop skills in communication and collaboration, and build
conceptual connections to their existing knowledge base.

Centrality is an important notion in network analysis and is used to measure
the degree to which network structure contributes to the importance of a node
in a network. While many different centrality measures exist, most of them
apply to static networks. Most networks, on the other hand, are dynamic in
nature, evolving over time through the addition or deletion of nodes and edges.
A popular approach to analyzing such networks represents them by a static
network that aggregates all edges observed over some time period.

The use of agile principles and practices in software development is becoming
a powerful force in today's workplace. In our quest to develop better products,
therefore, it is imperative that we strive to learn and understand the
application of Agile methods, principles and techniques to the software
development enterprise. Unfortunately, in many educational institutions courses
and projects that emphasize Agile Software Development are minimal.

The European Commission has the power to inspire, initiate and sponsor huge
transnational projects to an extent impossible for most other entities. These
projects can address universal themes and develop well-being models that are
valuable across a diversity of societies and economies. It is a universal fact
that SMEs in all countries provide a substantial proportion of total
employment, and conduct much of a nation's innovative activity. Yet these
smaller companies struggle in global markets on a far from level playing field,
where large companies have distinct advantages.

Internet generation is growing accustomed to having broadband access wherever
they go and not just at home or in the office, which turns mobile broadband
into a reality. This paper aims to look for a suitable mobile broadband
solution in the South Asian region through comparative analysis in various
perspectives. Both WiMAX and LTE are 4G technologies designed to move data
rather than voice having IP networks based on OFDM technology. Proving
competency in various significant aspects WiMAX and LTE already have made a
strong position in telecommunication industry.

The purpose of this report is to show that computer and allied technologies
can be used to increase energy efficiency. The report is divided into
transport, industrial, commercial and domestic sections, which correspond to
the major energy consuming sectors of the economy. Each section considers the
various ways in which energy can be saved by the use of the computer. The
report concludes that it is economic to incorporate computer based energy
management systems in a wide variety of applications and that it is important
that this capability is realised on a large scale.

The country India follows the planning through planning commission. This is
on the basis of information collected by traditional, tedious and manual method
which is too slow to sustain. Now we are in the age of 21th century. We have
seen in last few decades that the progress of information technology with leaps
and bounds, which have completely changed the way of life in the developed
nations.

This paper describes a system developed to help people explore local
communities by providing navigation services in social spaces created by the
community members via communication and knowledge sharing. The proposed system
utilizes data of a community's social network to reconstruct the social space,
which is otherwise not physically perceptible but imaginary, experiential, yet
learnable. The social space is modeled with an agent network, where each agent
stands for a member of the community and has knowledge about expertise and
personal characteristics of some other members.

E-learning with using multimedia and graphical interfaces is now fashionable
in some virtual learning environments. Especially, in open colleges,
universities and E-learning databases, using these interfaces can improve
quality of educating by increasing attraction of educational subjects. In this
paper, we introduce this technology and its aspects by defining some Graphical
User Interfaces (GUI). Improving some indexes in E-learning environments can be
measured by using GUI.

Web 2.0 applications have attracted a considerable amount of attention
because their open-ended nature allows users to create light-weight semantic
scaffolding to organize and share content. To date, the interplay of the social
and semantic components of social media has been only partially explored. Here
we focus on Flickr and Last.fm, two social media systems in which we can relate
the tagging activity of the users with an explicit representation of their
social network.

Over the last few years electronic learning has been in use mostly by
corporate institutes in the form of computer aided instructions and computer
based training. The scope of such use has not only been limited to introductory
courses for beginners and working people but also to impart knowledge in higher
education sector.

A multiple-perspective co-citation analysis method is introduced for
characterizing and interpreting the structure and dynamics of co-citation
clusters. The method facilitates analytic and sense making tasks by integrating
network visualization, spectral clustering, automatic cluster labeling, and
text summarization. Co-citation networks are decomposed into co-citation
clusters. The interpretation of these clusters is augmented by automatic
cluster labeling and summarization. The method focuses on the interrelations
between a co-citation cluster's members and their citers.

Recently, the academic community has been giving much attention to
Cooperative Learning System, a group learning method combined with pedagogy and
social psychology. It allows group members to gain knowledge through
collaborations and interactions. Nowadays, most Internet cooperative learning
systems are designed to provide students mainly with a convenient online
environment to study theoretical courses but rarely with an online environment
to operate practical instruments.

Our aim is to propose a collaborative methodological approach centred on
learners and based on the Web 2.0 tools in order to make E-learning 2.0. It is
based on a process consisting of four iterative steps which are: grouping,
collaborating, validating and publishing content. In this context, learners
will be the creators of the content of assigned courses in a virtual meeting
through the chat. These contents will be validated after a pedagogical
monitoring by the instructor through the class's blog and merged into a single
course content published on a class wiki.

Development of Curriculum and delivery materials has undergone changes over a
period of time, in undergraduate engineering degree system in Indian
universities. However, there exists a gap between industry expectations in IT
field and skills and knowledge that the graduating engineers possess and this
continues to grow. A similar situation has been seen in the developed countries
like USA, UK and Australia. Several researchers and practitioners have
discussed and tried to come up with innovative approaches to teaching software
engineering and IT as a whole.

The phenomenon described as "information criminality" has taken significant
proportions in the last decade, fact that carried out towards an international
legislative frame, by implementing judicial forms, which might stop its
occurrences. As matter of fact, the information criminality represents an
information technology aiming towards fraud and prejudicing the users of
informational data, by various means to infringement of the law.

When harvesting collective intelligence, a user wishes to maximize the
accuracy and value of the acquired information without spending too much time
collecting it. We empirically study how people behave when facing these
conflicting objectives using data from Yahoo Answers, a community driven
question-and-answer site. We take two complementary approaches. We first study
how users behave when trying to maximize the amount of the acquired
information, while minimizing the waiting time.

Online labor markets give people in poor countries direct access to buyers in
rich countries. Economic theory and empirical evidence strongly suggest that
this kind of access improves human welfare. However, critics claim that abuses
are endemic in these markets and that employers exploit unprotected, vulnerable
workers. I investigate part of this claim using a randomized, paired survey in
which I ask workers in an online labor market (Amazon Mechanical Turk) how they
perceive online employers and employers in their host country in terms of
honesty and fairness.

The (neo-)evolutionary model of a Triple Helix of
University-Industry-Government Relations focuses on the overlay of
expectations, communications, and interactions that potentially feed back on
the institutional arrangements among the carrying agencies. From this
perspective, the evolutionary perspective in economics can be complemented with
the reflexive turn from sociology. The combination provides a richer
understanding of how knowledge-based systems of innovation are shaped and
reconstructed.

Articles whose authors make them Open Access (OA) by self-archiving them
online are cited significantly more than articles accessible only to
subscribers. Some have suggested that this "OA Advantage" may not be causal but
just a self-selection bias, because authors preferentially make higher-quality
articles OA. To test this we compared self-selective self-archiving with
mandatory self-archiving for a sample of 27,197 articles published 2002-2006 in
1,984 journals. The OA Advantage proved just as high for both.

Bubble Sort is simple. Yet, it seems a bit difficult for high school
students. This paper presents a pedagogical methodology: Using Design Sketch to
visualize the concepts in Bubble Sort, and to evaluate how this approach
assists students to understand the pseudo code of Bubble Sort. An experiment is
conducted in Wu-Ling Senior High School with 250 students taking part. The
statistical analysis of experimental results shows that, for relatively high
abstraction concepts, such as iteration number, Design Sketch helps
significantly.

In December 2003, seventeen years after the first UK research assessment
exercise, Italy started up its first-ever national research evaluation, with
the aim to evaluate, using the peer review method, the excellence of the
national research production. The evaluation involved 20 disciplinary areas,
102 research structures, 18,500 research products and 6,661 peer reviewers
(1,465 from abroad); it had a direct cost of 3.55 millions Euros and a time
length spanning over 18 months.

The relationship between the "knowledge base" and the "globalization" of
communication systems is discussed from the perspective of communication
theory. I argue that inter-human communication takes place at two levels. At
the first level information is exchanged and provided with meaning and at the
second level meaning can reflexively be communicated. Human language can be
considered as the evolutionary achievement which enables us to use these two
channels of communication simultaneously.

University-industry-government relations provide a networked infrastructure
for knowledge-based innovation systems. This infrastructure organizes the
dynamic fluxes locally and the knowledge base remains emergent given these
conditions. Whereas the relations between the institutions can be measured as
variables, the interacting fluxes generate a probabilistic entropy. The mutual
information among the three institutional dimensions provides us with an
indicator of this entropy. When this indicator is negative, self-organization
can be expected.

Both 'actions' and 'interactions' can be considered as micro-operations that
can be aggregated from a systemic perspective. Whereas actions operate
historically, interactions provide the events retrospectively with meaning.
Luhmann's sociology of communication systems adds to the approach of symbolic
interactionism the question of what global dimensions of communication mean for
local interactions.

Luhmann's social systems theory and Giddens' structuration theory of action
share an emphasis on reflexivity, but focus on meaning along a divide between
inter-human communication and intentful action as two different systems of
reference. Recombining these two theories, simulations of interaction,
organization, and self-organization of intentional communication can be
distinguished by using algorithms from the computation of anticipatory systems.
The self-organizing and organizing layers remain rooted in the double
contingency of the human encounter which provides the variation.

Combining different data sets with information on grant and fellowship
applications submitted to two renowned funding agencies, we are able to compare
their funding decisions (award and rejection) with scientometric performance
indicators across two fields of science (life sciences and social sciences).
The data sets involve 671 applications in social sciences and 668 applications
in life sciences. In both fields, awarded applicants perform on average better
than all rejected applicants.

In this paper we examine several aspects of the impact of Cyberworld onto our
Reality conceptions, and their social implications.

Innovation and technology management is an inevitable issue in the high end
technological and innovative organizations. Today, most of the innovations are
limited with developed countries like USA, Japan and Europe while developing
countries are still behind in the field of innovation and management of
technology. But it is also becoming a subject for rapid progress and
development in developing countries.

One of the elements that have popularized and facilitated the use of
geographical information on a variety of computational applications has been
the use of Web maps; this has opened new research challenges on different
subjects, from locating places and people, the study of social behavior or the
analyzing of the hidden structures of the terms used in a natural language
query used for locating a place. However, the use of geographic information
under technological features is not new, instead it has been part of a
development and technological integration process.

The Internet revolution has made long-distance communication dramatically
faster, easier, and cheaper than ever before. This, it has been argued, has
decreased the importance of geographic proximity in social interactions,
transforming our world into a global village with a borderless society. We
argue for the opposite: while technology has undoubtedly increased the overall
level of communication, this increase has been most pronounced for local social
ties. We show that the volume of electronic communications is inversely
proportional to geographic distance, following a Power Law.

In aerospace and defense, training is being carried out on the web by viewing
PowerPoint presentations, manuals and videos that are limited in their ability
to convey information to the technician. Interactive training in the form of 3D
is a more cost effective approach compared to creation of physical simulations
and mockups. This paper demonstrates how training using interactive 3D
simulations in elearning achieves a reduction in the time spent in training and
improves the efficiency of a trainee performing the installation or removal.

The study examined the relationship between Java programming self-efficacy
and programming background of engineering students in a Nigerian University.
One hundred and ninety two final year engineering students randomly selected
from six engineering departments of the university participated in the study.
Two research instruments: Programming Background Questionnaire and Java
Programming Self-Efficacy Scale were used in collecting relevant information
from the subjects. The resulting data were analyzed using Pearson product
correlation and Multiple regression analysis.