We provide sharp lower and upper bounds for the Gelfand widths of
$\ell_p$-balls in the $N$-dimensional $\ell_q^N$-space for $0<p\leq 1$ and $p<q
\leq 2$. Such estimates are highly relevant to the novel theory of compressive
sensing, and our proofs rely on methods from this area.
Let $K$ be an isotropic convex body in $\R^n$. Given $\eps>0$, how many
independent points $X_i$ uniformly distributed on $K$ are needed for the
empirical covariance matrix to approximate the identity up to $\eps$ with
overwhelming probability? Our paper answers this question posed by Kannan,
Lovasz and Simonovits. More precisely, let $X\in\R^n$ be a centered random
vector with a log-concave distribution and with the identity as covariance
matrix. An example of such a vector $X$ is a random point in an isotropic
convex body.