In this paper, we investigate the roles of compact sets in the space of
tempered distributions $\mathscr{S}^{\prime}$. The key notion is "k-spaces",
which constitute a fairly general class of topological spaces. In a k-space,
the system of compact sets controls continuous functions and Borel measures.
In the case of monotone independence, the transparent understanding of the
mechanism to validate the central limit theorem (CLT) has been lacking, in
sharp contrast to commutative, free and Boolean cases. We have succeeded in
clarifying it by making use of simple combinatorial structure of peakless pair
partitions.