We construct examples of smooth 4-dimensional manifolds M supporting a
locally CAT(0)-metric, whose universal cover X satisfy Hruska's isolated flats
condition, and contain 2-dimensional flats F with the property that the
boundary at infinity of F defines a nontrivial knot in the boundary at infinity
of X. As a consequence, we obtain that the fundamental group of M cannot be
isomorphic to the fundamental group of any Riemannian manifold of nonpositive
sectional curvature.
Kropholler's class of groups is the smallest class of groups which contains
all finite groups and is closed under the following operator: whenever $G$
admits a finite-dimensional contractible $G$-CW-complex in which all stabilizer
groups are in the class, then $G$ is itself in the class. Kropholler's class
admits a hierarchical structure, i.e., a natural filtration indexed by the
ordinals. For example, stage 0 of the hierarchy is the class of all finite
groups, and stage 1 contains all groups of finite virtual cohomological
dimension.