We develop a theory of the Cauchy problem for linear evolution systems of
partial differential equations with the Caputo-Dzrbashyan fractional derivative
in the time variable $t$. The class of systems considered in the paper is a
fractional extension of the class of systems of the first order in $t$
satisfying the uniform strong parabolicity condition. We construct and
investigate the Green matrix of the Cauchy problem.
We describe some classes of linear operators on Banach spaces over
non-Archimedean fields, which admit orthogonal spectral decompositions. Several
examples are given.
On the space $\mathbb Q_p^n$, where $p\ne 2$ and $p$ does not divide $n$, we
construct a p-adic counterpart of spherical coordinates. As applications, a
description of homogeneous distributions on $\mathbb Q_p^n$ and a skew product
decomposition of p-adic L\'evy processes are given.