A noncommutative version of the Fej\'er-Riesz theorem.

link: http://arxiv.org/abs/0908.3805
Abstract

Let $\cX$ be the unital *-algebra generated by the unilateral shift operator.
It is shown that for any nonnegative operator $X\in \cX$ there is an element
$Y\in \cX$ such that $X=Y^*Y$.